adaptations to anaerobic training

Question 1

examples of anaerobic training

Answer 1

resistance training
plyometics
speed and agility

Question 2

what contributes to m. mass? 6

Answer 2

genetics
physical activity
nutritional status
environmental factors
NS activation
endocrine influences

Question 3

what are most of the changes in the first 3 to 4 weeks

Answer 3

neural and within activation

Question 4

what are the changes after 3 to 4 weeks

Answer 4

visible. hypertriphic

Question 5

4 main neural factors affecting adaptation

Answer 5

learning effect
motor unit adaptations
enhanced reflex responses
attenuated inhibition

Question 6

how does the learnign effect do anything… 2

Answer 6

increased efficiency and increased excitability

Question 7

how does the motor unit adaptations do anything…. 3

Answer 7

increased recruiment
increased firing rate
increased synchronization

Question 8

how does enhancing reflex responses do anything

Answer 8

enhance magnitude and rate of face development
affects muscle spindles

Question 9

what does attenuated inhibition affect

Answer 9

golgi tendon organs

Question 10

Force = (muscle ) + (muscle )

Answer 10

agonist + antagonist

Question 11

what is coactivation

Answer 11

bicep curl activates bicep to shorten and tricep to lengthen.

Question 12

adaptation to coactivation

Answer 12

antagonist will be less activated in the lengthening and allow agonist to move more force

Question 13

adaptations at the NMJ presynaptic

Answer 13

increasd SA,
enhanced nerve terminal branching to innervate muscle fibers

Question 14

adaptations at the NMJ postsynaptic

Answer 14

increased end plate perimeter length

Question 15

adaptations at NMJ in ACh context

Answer 15

make more spots for receptors to be, both sides fo NJM are increasing. more sites means more ACh to bind

Question 16

when does increase in muscle size occus

Answer 16

after 3 to 4 weeks of training

Question 17

what is hypertrophy

Answer 17

increase in cell size

Question 18

what is hyperplasia

Answer 18

increase in cell number

Question 19

is hyperplasia in humans

Answer 19

no

Question 20

what do satellite cells make

Answer 20

a new nucleus in myofibril

Question 21

what do skeletal muscles represent

Answer 21

dynamic tissues

Question 22

satellite cells signals determine what

Answer 22

myofilament proteins to be made

Question 23

what are 5 structural changes in muslce cell remodeling

Answer 23

increased myyofibril volume
reduced motochondrial density
decreased capillary density
increased angle of pennation
increased protein synthesis

Question 24

what does the angle of pennation increase as what

Answer 24

as the tesniton progressivley increases in the muscle fibers.

Question 25

what is the optimal angle of pennation number

Answer 25

45 degrees

Question 26

what does an increase in angle of pennation benefit

Answer 26

for when a muscle pulls on bone

Question 27

what protein synthesis is increased

Answer 27

testosterone growth hormone insulin insulin like growth factor

Question 28

what process does Insulin growth factor 1 initiate

Answer 28

Akt/mTOR

Question 29

steps of mTOR

Answer 29

triggered by IGF1, trigger protein synthesis, increase contractile proteins, leads to muscle hypertrophy

Question 30

what activates MAPK

Answer 30

when the hear beats faster. ... mechanical stress.. this causes sarcomere reorganization

Question 31

what is the greatest contribution to muscle size change

Answer 31

muscle enlargesment via hypertrophy

Question 32

what is hyperplasia a response to. what forms the cells

Answer 32

response to stress , diesease, injury in animals. idea that new muscle fibers are formed from satellite cells

Question 33

what can differences in hormonal response to resistance exercise determine

Answer 33

ultimate sex differences in muslce size and strength adaptation

Question 34

what is the primary difference seen in hypertrophy in men vs women

Answer 34

absoulte amount

Question 35

first 3 to 4 weeks summary

Answer 35

increased efficiency of movement increased in motor unit recruitment, firing rate, and synchronization

Question 36

after 3 to 4 weeks summary

Answer 36

increase in muscle CSA increase in contractile proteins

Question 37

mechanical forces elicit adaptiation proportional to what

Answer 37

intensity

Question 38

do type 1 have more collagen or elastic fibers

Answer 38

collagen, stronger and more mature

Question 39

do type 2 have more collagen or elastic fibers

Answer 39

elastic, stretches as muscle lengthens

Question 40

CT has an increase in what when strength increases

Answer 40

collagen fibrl diameter covalent cross links between fibers collagen fibrils density of collagen fibrils

Question 41

what can loading exercise increase

Answer 41

bone density

Question 42

what is a closed kinetic change

Answer 42

connected to ground

Question 43

what type of relationship is there between strength and bone mineral density

Answer 43

positive

Question 44

men and women who participate in strenth and power activities have as much or more what compared to endurance athletes

Answer 44

bone mass

Question 45

what relation exists btwn increases in bone mineral density and the total exercise-specific weight lifted during a program

Answer 45

liner

Question 46

does resistance training plus aerobic training impair adaptations

Answer 46

does not effect max strenght and hypertrophy does effect explosive strength

Question 47

detraining effects timeline and what does it reverse

Answer 47

in just 2 weeks reduces type 2 fiber areas reverses neuromuscular mechanisms (can come back quickly) reverses hormonal adaptations

Question 48

cross sectional area changes in hypertrophy and atrophy

Answer 48

increases in hypertrophy decreases in atrophy