Short term memory Flashcards
Sensory memory
the retention, for brief periods of time, of the effects of sensory stimulation
moving sparkler
watching a movie
persistence of vision
the continued perception of a visual stimulus even after it is no longer present
Sperling (1960) Iconic Memory
Flashing letters on the screen for 50ms
1) Asked his subjects to report as many of the letters as possible - Whole report
Heard a tone, report letters accordingly - partial report
2) Second part of experiment - delayed the tone to see how quickly information was forgotten from almost all to less than half in a second
iconic memory/ visual icon
sensory memory stage of modal model
echoic memory
persistence of sound, lasts a few seconds after presentation of original stimulus
Modal model of memory
Sensory Memory -> Short term memory (around 30 secs) Long term memory
proactive interference
interference that occurs when information that was learned previously interferes with learning new information
example: learning french vocab and then spanish vocab later
retroactive interference
occurs when new learning interferes with remembering old learning
digit span
number of digits a person can remember
chunking
the concept that small units like words can be combined into larger meaningful units, like phrases or sentences
chess master example
Auditory coding
representing memories in terms of sounds
Conrad - flashed participants with visual letters to try and remember
noticed people often mistakenly recalled letters that rhymed with correct letters
visual coding
representing memories with shape
semantic coding
encoding in terms of the meaning of the word
Wickens, Dalezman, Eggemier did test with four rounds of memory test - proactive interference only took place when remembering similar kinds of words
Working Memory Model
(–>Phonological Loop Central executive Visuo-spatial Sketchpad
