LTM coding and retrieval Flashcards
maintenance rehearsal
repeating without meaningful association
elaborative rehearsal
organised rehearsal with meaningful connection
shallow processing
paying little attention to meaning, phone number et
deep processing
involves close attention - focussing on meaning
paired association
list of pairs
given one of the 2 words
must recall other word
Bower and Winzenz: Influence of encoding on retrieval
Had to silently repeat one group of pairs
Create visual image for other group
Remembered visually imaged words more accurately on paired association task
Self reference effect: roger kuiper and kirker
words are far more likely to remember words that describe them selves
generation effect: slameka and graf
generating material yourself enhances learning and retention
organisation of information Bower, clark, lesgold and winzenz
group that tended to organise responses, recalled 4 times as many words as group that didnt
testing affect
roediger and karpick
group that were tested on prose remember far more that group that just re-read it
brainscape
Retrieval cues
a word or other stimulus that helps a person remember information information stored in memory
greater recall for self generated cues
encoding specificity - environmental conditions
participants who learned under water remember more under water than on land
state dependent learning
learning when sad, remember better when sad etc
memory consolidation
transforming new memories from fragile to more permanent state
Standard mode of consolidation
Reactivation of familiar stimuli strengthens pathways and with repetition does not need to be connected via hippocampus
