Everyday memory and memory error

Question 1

autobiographical memory

Answer 1

recollected events that belong to a person’s past

episodic memories turn to semantic memories over time

multidimensional - spatial, visual, auditory, emotional

Question 2

Visual experience in forming AMs

Answer 2

patients unable to recognise/visualise object, also experienced loss of autobiographical memory

brain activation as a result of viewing self generated and someone elses photos:

• parietal cortex activated in same way for both photos
• hippocampus was activated more when self generated

Question 3

Memory over life span

Answer 3

Personal milestones

Highly emotional events

life story events

transition points

reminiscence bump

Question 4

reminiscence bump

Answer 4

the enhance memory for adolescence and young adulthood found in people over 40 is called the reminiscence bump

Question 5

role of emotion in AM

Answer 5

emotionally charged events are more memorable

advantage in recall for arousing words

better recognition rates for emotional pictures

amygdala implicated in memory for emotive words

Question 6

flashbulb memory

Answer 6

a term to refer to a person’s memory for the circumstance surrounding shocking, highly charged events

peoples confidence for accuracy of flashbulb memories is higher even if they are remembering as much

Question 7

what is memory based on

Answer 7

what actually happened, as well as a person’s knowledge experience and expectations

Question 8

war of ghosts experiment

Answer 8

• read story
• repeated production technique
• findings showed:
• most reproductions much shorter
• many omissions and inaccuracies
• participants eventually forgot most of the information in the story
• Stories remembered in a manner consisted with Ps own culture

Question 9

source monitoring

Answer 9

determines the origins of our memories, knowledge or beliefs

source monitoring error = misattribution

Study: Ps presented with non famous names

P1 tested immend on recognition for famous names from a list of: old non famous name, new non-famous names, famous names

P2tested after 24 hours as above

Results showed delayed testing resulted in Ps recalling many non-famous names as famous

Question 10

schema

Answer 10

knowledge of what happens in a particular experience -an idea bout something

Question 11

pragmatic inference

Answer 11

when reading a sentence leads a person to expect something that is not explicitly written.

these inferences are based on knowledge gained through experience

Question 12

misinformation effect - elizibeth loftus and co

Answer 12

misleading post-event information (MPI) presented after a person experiences an event may change how they later describe that event

smashed/hit

Question 13

creating false memories for early events in people’s lives

Answer 13

asked about memories, one of which didnt happen

few days later asked to explain memories

giving detail to made up memories