Short Story/ Essay Notes

Question 1

Plot

Answer 1

The pattern of events

Question 2

Conflict

Answer 2

The struggle between opposing forces.

Question 3

What are the four types of conflict.

Answer 3

1. ) Man vs. society
2. ) Man vs. self
3. ) Man vs. man
4. ) Man vs. nature

Question 4

Characterization

Answer 4

The presentation of a person in writing

Question 5

How do authors characterize characters?

Answer 5

Describe their actions.
Describe his past.
Describe his thoughts.
Describe his physical features.
Have other characters talk about him.
Describe the setting in which he lives.

Question 6

Setting

Answer 6

The physical and emotional background of a story.

Question 7

Theme

Answer 7

A point a writer makes about life or people. a theme is not a moral

Question 8

Foreshadowing

Answer 8

Hinting at something that will happen later in the story.

Question 9

Allusion

Answer 9

A reference to something well known from the past

Question 10

Irony

Answer 10

Something that seems one way, but in reality is different.

Question 11

What are the three types of irony?

Answer 11

Dramatic irony
Verbal irony
Situational irony

Question 12

Point-of-view.

Answer 12

The vantage point from which the story is viewed.

Question 13

What are the types of PoV?

Answer 13

First person narrator, second person narrator, third person omniscient narrator, third person limited omniscient narrator, and third person objective narrator (camera).

Question 14

Why are short stories put in quotes?

Answer 14

Short stories are published /as a part of a larger work/

Question 15

What are the three stages of an initiation story?

Answer 15

Stage 1: a young person starts out innocent.
Stage 2: the young person encounters something harsh.
Stage 3: the young person experiences an epiphany (a realization about the harshness of the world)

Question 16

Situational irony

Answer 16

A situation that occurs that neither the reader nor the character expect

Question 17

Verbal irony

Answer 17

A statement that says the opposite of what is meant

Question 18

Dramatic irony

Answer 18

A truth the reader knows that the character does not know.

Question 19

What are the five ways to develop a personal view-point essay?

Answer 19

1) the general real life example
2) personal experience example
3) the historical example
4) the hypothetical example
5) the analogy example

Question 20

The general real life example

Answer 20

A) it never focuses on a specific person or event

B) because it lacks details, avoid it

Question 21

Personal experience example

Answer 21

A) describes a specific one time event that happened to you
B) tell it with details
C) avoid
1) an entire season or game. Describe one play
2) an entire school year or class. Describe one incident

Question 22

The historical example

Answer 22

A) describes how a famous person or event illustrates your thesis.
B) if you can’t supply accurate details, don’t write about it

Question 23

The hypothetical example

Answer 23

A) describes a one time specific event that has not happened yet
B) make it believable
C) begin with “imagine that you….”

Question 24

The analogy example

Answer 24

A) describes a situation that is similar to the subject matter of your paper
B) must accurately describe the things being compared

Question 25

What is the first step of a literary analysis intro paragraph?

Answer 25

Read essay prompt carefully. Underline the information about the topic of the essay and circle key literary terms.

Question 26

What is the second step of a literary analysis intro paragraph?

Answer 26

Begin into paragraph by stealing as many words from the prompt as possible. a.) steal one sentence at a time. b.) you may have to steal more than one sentence. c.) change the wording around.

Question 27

What is the third step of a literary analysis intro paragraph?

Answer 27

End introduction with a thesis statement. Dump the training wheels.

Question 28

Mode of Discourse

Answer 28

A method that a writer uses to have a conversation with the reader

Question 29

What are the four modes of discourse?

Answer 29

Exposition (writing that explains or informs),
Narrative (writing that tells a story),
Description (writing that appeals to the senses),
Argument/ persuasion (writing that presents an idea to accept)

Question 30

Thesis statement

Answer 30

The major point of an essay containing a subject and an opinion about the subject. Never a question. Usually the last sentence in the into paragraph

Question 31

Author’s Purpose

Answer 31

The reason why the author writes an essay

Question 32

What are the six reasons an author writes an essay?

Answer 32

1. ) to entertain/ amuse
2. ) to persuade/ motivate/ or argue
3. ) to inform
4. ) to ridicule/ mock
5. ) to question
6. ) to elicit an emotional response

Question 33

essay unity

Answer 33

the state when every sentence in the essay is related to the thesis statement

Question 34

What are the four ways to organize an essay

Answer 34

1. ) Chronological Order (events arranged accordion to how they occur in time)
2. ) Order of Importance (put most important idea last, second most important idea first)
3. ) Space Order (describes the appearance of a physical place. i.e. left to right, top to bottom)
4. ) From One Extreme to Another (general to specific, most familiar to least familiar, smallest to largest)

Question 35

Rhetorical Strategy

Answer 35

the plan the writer uses while writing

Question 36

What are the nine rhetorical strategies?

Answer 36

I.) Description
II.) Narration
III.) Exemplification
IV.) Comparison/ Contrast
V.) Cause/ Effect
VI.) Classification/ Division
VII.) Process analysis
VIII.) Argumentation
IX) Definition

Question 37

Exemplification

Answer 37

Writing that uses facts, examples, or anecdotes

Question 38

What are the two methods of comparing and contrasting?

Answer 38

I.) The Block Method: one body paragraph gives all the details about one subject and the second paragraph gives all the details about the second subject.
II.) Point-by-Point: the first body paragraph focuses on one topic and goes back and forth between the items.

Question 39

Cause

Answer 39

The reason why something happens

Question 40

Effect

Answer 40

The result

Question 41

Classification

Answer 41

The grouping of items from specific to general

Question 42

Division

Answer 42

The grouping of items from general to specific

Question 43

Process Analysis

Answer 43

When you either explain how to perform a task or explain how something words

Question 44

What is argumentation and what are the two types of reasoning?

Answer 44

Attempts to explain

i. ) induction (specific to general) uses specific examples to draw conclusions.
ii. ) deduction (general to specific) uses conclusions to draw specific examples

Question 45

Four kinds of humor

Answer 45

Slap-stick humor
Shared experience
hyperbole
juxtaposition of opposites

Question 46

Slap stick humor

Answer 46

a physical type of humor that involves the infliction of pain

Question 47

shared experience

Answer 47

the presentation of a frustrating or annoying experience that people laugh at because they can relate to it

Question 48

hyperbole

Answer 48

the extreme exaggeration of the defects or unusual qualities of a person or thing.

Question 49

juxtaposition of opposites

Answer 49

the placement of two things beside one another, creating an absurdity that the audience finds amusing. Usually something serious is juxtaposed to something trivial.