4th Quarter exam Flashcards
Mode of discourse
A method that a writer uses to have a conversation with the reader
Thesis statement
The main point of an essay
Author’s purpose
The reason why an author writes an essay
Essay unity
The state in which every sentence is related to the thesis statement
Style
The unique way an author presents his ideas.
Coherence
The trait that creates a logical orderly pattern that is easy to understand
Hyperbole
An extreme exaggeration.
Subordination
The process of giving one idea less emphasis than another idea in a sentence.
Rhetorical Question
It is a question that does not expect an answer because the answer is obvious. Emphasizes the obvious answer to the question but you must be able to articulate the obvious answer.
Diction
The author’s choice of words.
Satire
A work that ridicules humans or social institutions. (Has sophisticated irony)
Parody
An imitation of a work intended to ridicule the work
Metaphor
A direct comparison of unlike things
Simile
A comparison of unlike things using like or as.
Symbol
A concrete object that has two meanings, a literal meaning and a secondary meaning
I) L.M.- the object actually exists in the literary work
II) the object suggests other ideas
Personification
The giving of human qualities to something that is not human.
A) human body parts
B) human actions
C) human emotions
Allegory
The use of characters, objects, or events to represent other ideas
Image
A description of something that appeals to the senses.
Alliteration
The repetition of a consonant sound in a line of poetry
Assonance
The repetition of a vowel sound in a line of poetry
Tone
The way the writer feels about the subject or the reader.
Plot
The pattern of events
Setting
The physical and emotional background of a story.
Irony
Something that seems one way, but in reality is different.
Situational irony
A situation that occurs that neither the reader nor the character expect
Dramatic irony
A truth the reader knows that the character does not know.
Allusion
A reference to something well known from the past
Foreshadowing
Hinting at something that will happen later in the story.
Theme
A point a writer makes about life or people.
Conflict
The struggle between opposing forces.
Persona
The speaker of the poem
5 points of view
First person narrator, second person narrator, third person omniscient narrator, third person limited omniscient narrator, and third person objective narrator
6 ways to reveal character
Describe their actions. Describe his past. Describe his thoughts. Describe his physical features. Have other characters talk about him. Describe the setting in which he lives.
3 stages of an initiation story
Stage 1: a young person starts out innocent.
Stage 2: the young person encounters something harsh.
Stage 3: the young person experiences an epiphany (a realization about the harshness of the world)
4 modes of discourse
Exposition (writing that explains or informs),
Narrative (writing that tells a story),
Description (writing that appeals to the senses),
Argument/ persuasion (writing that presents an idea to accept)
6 author’s purposes
- ) to entertain/ amuse
- ) to persuade/ motivate/ or argue
- ) to inform
- ) to ridicule/ mock
- ) to question
- ) to elicit an emotional response
4 types of essay organization
- ) Chronological Order (events arranged accordion to how they occur in time)
- ) Order of Importance (put most important idea last, second most important idea first)
- ) Space Order (describes the appearance of a physical place. i.e. left to right, top to bottom)
- ) From One Extreme to Another (general to specific, most familiar to least familiar, smallest to largest)
9 rhetorical strategies
I.) Description II.) Narration III.) Exemplification IV.) Comparison/ Contrast V.) Cause/ Effect VI.) Classification/ Division VII.) Process analysis VIII.) Argumentation IX) Definition
2 methods of developing comparison or contrast
I.) The Block Method: one body paragraph gives all the details about one subject and the second paragraph gives all the details about the second subject.
II.) Point-by-Point: the first body paragraph focuses on one topic and goes back and forth between the items.
4 sentence structures
Simple sentence
Compound sentence
Complex sentence
Compound-complex sentence
4 sentence types
Declarative Sentence
Imperative Sentence
Interrogative Sentence
Exclamatory Sentence
3 persuasive appeals
Emotional Appeal
Logical Appeal
Ethical Appeal
4 types of humor
Slap-stick humor
Shared experience
hyperbole
juxtaposition of opposites
3 main forms of satire
Parody
Monologue
Narrative
