shoot anatomy, morphology and function

Question 1

What is 2 common features that are found in roots and in stems

Answer 1

vascular tissue and cortex

Question 2

what 2 things does a cortex do

Answer 2

food storage and makes up the body of organs

Question 3

what waxy layer is present on the outermost part of the plant?

Answer 3

cuticle

Question 4

produces primary xylem and primary phloem

Answer 4

procambium

Question 5

what produces the procambium

Answer 5

apical meristem

Question 6

What 3 transitional meristems are produced by the apical meristem

Answer 6

procambium, protoderm and ground meristem

Question 7

What three transitional meristems contribute to primary growth?

Answer 7

Procambium, protoderm and ground meristem

Question 8

What type of growth does the apical meristem produce using the procambium, protoderm and ground meristem?

Answer 8

primary growth

Question 9

what is produced by the procambium?

Answer 9

xylem and phloem

Question 10

transport tissue that moves water and minerals from the roots to the leaves

Answer 10

xylem

Question 11

What are the two transport cells of xylem for water and minerals.

Answer 11

tracheid’s and vessels

Question 12

what two cells are hollow and dead and maturity

Answer 12

tracheid’s and vessel elements

Question 13

Part of the xylem, are larger, lack end walls and form a continuous pipeline for transport

Answer 13

Vessel elements

Question 14

Part of the xylem, are elongated with tapered end

Answer 14

Tracheid’s

Question 15

Also consists of fibers and parenchyma cell

Answer 15

xylem

Question 16

Part of the xylem that helps with transportation of water and minerals “” are larger and “” are smaller

Answer 16

Vessels, tracheid’s

Question 17

What are two things that are common between tracheid’s and vessel elements?

Answer 17

dead at maturity and have secondary cell walls

Question 18

allow the flow of water and nutrients from one vessel or tracheid to another easily.

Answer 18

pit pairs

Question 19

”” in secondary cell wall regions where no secondary cell wall is formed (only the middle lamella and primary cell walls)

Answer 19

pit pairs

Question 20

where only the middle lamella and primary cell walls are present, this is called the “”

Answer 20

pit membrane

Question 21

A membrane in the pit pairs that allows water to flow freely

Answer 21

pit membrane

Question 22

what two pits can vessel elements and tracheid’s have

Answer 22

boarded pit pairs and pit pairs

Question 23

When pressure is unequal in adjacent vascular elements (when one contains an air bubble) the “” is drawn toward the element with the lower pressure (sealing off the pit)

Answer 23

torus

Question 24

In boarded pit pairs, what helps protect the tracheid or vessel element from an air bubble?

Answer 24

torus

Question 25

Water moves between adjacent “” either vertically or laterally through pit pairs

Answer 25

tracheid’s

Question 26

how does water move in tracheid’s

Answer 26

vertically or laterally

Question 27

what type of pit does water move through in tracheid’s

Answer 27

pit pairs

Question 28

water moves “” through open ends of vessel elements and “” through pit pairs

Answer 28

vertically, laterally

Question 29

”” have both vessel elements and tracheid’s to move water through the plant

Answer 29

angiosperms

Question 30

”” only have tracheid’s

Answer 30

gymnosperms

Question 31

””, the pulling of water up through the xylem of a plant which uses energy of evaporation. This is an important force for transport of water from the roots, through the xylem and into the leaves.

Answer 31

transpiration

Question 32

”” transport tissue that conducts organic nutrients from leaves to the roots. (From source tissue to sink tissue)

Answer 32

Phloem

Question 33

”” consists of sieve tube cells and their associated companion cells

Answer 33

Phloem

Question 34

”” contain cytoplasm but no nuclei. The ends of these cells form a plate with holes to resemble a sieve.

Answer 34

sieve tube cells

Question 35

”” smaller and closely connected to the sieve-tube-cells, as the nucleus of the companion cells controls and maintains both cells.

Answer 35

companion cells

Question 36

”” consists of parenchyma and sclerenchyma cells.

Answer 36

phloem

Question 37

”” living at maturity and must be metabolically active to function as a transport tissue.

Answer 37

phloem

Question 38

True/False Transpiration is a one way flow of water in the xylem

Answer 38

True

Question 39

”” sap can be transported in any direction so long as there is a source of sugar and a sink able to use, store or remove the sugar

Answer 39

Phloem

Question 40

tissue that has the sugars

Answer 40

Source tissue

Question 41

tissue that needs the sugars

Answer 41

Sink tissue

Question 42

leaves are an example of a “” tissue

Answer 42

source tissue

Question 43

roots, young shoots and developing seeds are a “” tissue. This type of tissue is normally active growth (such as in the apical and lateral meristems)

Answer 43

sink tissue

Question 44

from the leaves to the roots (Source to sink) is “” transport

Answer 44

Phloem

Question 45

”” and “” tissue may be reversed depending on the season or the plants needs. For example, sugar stored in the roots maybe mobilized to become a source of food in the early spring when the buds of trees (the sink at the time) need energy for growth and development of the photosynthetic apparatus.

Answer 45

Source and sink

Question 46

stem modifications that are “” ground: stolons, tendrils, thorns and crowns

Answer 46

above ground

Question 47

stem modifications that are “” ground: rhizomes, bulbs, bulbs, tubers and corms

Answer 47

below ground

Question 48

examples of above ground stolons

Answer 48

strawberry, white clover

Question 49

above ground tendrils

Answer 49

grapes

Question 50

below ground rhizomes

Answer 50

ginger, lily of the valley

Question 51

below ground bulbs

Answer 51

onion and tulip