Root anatomy, morphology and function Flashcards
what meristem is behind the rootcap?
apical meristem
what are the three tissues the apical meristem produces?
protoderm, ground meristem and procambium
what is the function of the rootcap
protects the apical meristem as roots push through the soil
Are cells continuously sloughed off in the root cap as the roots push the ground (True/False)
True
what region in the root perceives gravity
root cap
plastid that is found in the root cap that act as gravity sensors
amyloplasts
what meristem produces the rootcap
apical meristem
gives rise to an outer layer of cells that is called the epidermis
protoderm
produces parenchyma cells to the inside of the cortex
ground meristem
produces primary xylem and primary phloem
procambium
absent in most dicots, produces the pith and cortex
ground meristem
4 regions that are in roots
root cap, cell division, cell elongation, cell maturation
protective layer on root
root cap
located behind the root cap, includes apical meristem (protoderm, ground meristem and procambium)
region of cell division
located behind the region of cell division, roots lengthen
region of elongation
located above the region of elongation, primary tissues mature into secondary tissues and where root hairs are formed
region of maturation
what are the three types of tissue found in roots
epidermis, cortex, endodermis
lacks a stomata and cuticle, outer absorbing surface
root epidermis
thin walled parenchyma cells found to the inside of the epidermis.
cortex
loosely packed to allow for water and minerals to move through without entering the cells
cortex
functions in food storage
cortex
protective layer, lined with suberin slows water and nutrient loss from the root.
hypodermis
slows water and nutrient loss from the root, hypodermal cells are lined with this
suberin
what are the two pathways that water and nutrients can travel through the root
apoplastic and symplastic
movement through cell walls and intercellular places
apoplastic
movement through living cells
symplastic
innermost layer of the cortex, single layer cells that form a boundary between the cortex and vascular cylinder.
endodermis
Endodermal cells fit tightly together and are boarded on 4 sides by a waxy strip called the
casparian strip
suberized cell walls creates a barrier for the movement of substances within the root, preventing material from moving between adjacent cells
casparian strip
what structure only provides access to the vascular cylinder and restricts movement between adjacent cells
casparian strip
Endodermal cells that fit tightly together and are boarded on 4 sides by a waxy strip
casparian strip
what are the two types of vascular tissue
xylem and phloem
if the cambium is present, there is a gradual increase in girth in the region of elongation through the addition of
secondary tissues
what is produced by the cambium
secondary tissues
what develops from the epidermal cells that allow the plant to absorb water and minerals
root hairs
in dicots where do lateral or branch roots arise from
pericycle
in dicots what surrounds the vascular tissue
pericycle
in dicots the solid star shape is the “ and the “” is located between the arms of the “”
xylem, phloem, xylem
In, plants undergoing secondary growth the pericycle generates the “” which is found between the “” and “”
vascular cambium, xylem, phloem
In monocots, a ring of alternating bundles of xylem and phloem surround the “” which is “” located in the center of the root.
pith, ground tissue
In monocots, there is no “” present to produce secondary growth
vascular cambium
