Shock types Flashcards
What are the 5 types of shock?
- hypovolemic
- cardiogenic
- distributive: anaphylactic
- distributive: neurogenic
- distributive: septic
What are the causes of hypovolemic shock?
problem with blood volume, causes include hemorrhage, dehydration etc
What are the clinical manifestations of hypovolemic shock?
- tachycardia, hypotension, tachypnea, cyanosis, pallor, diaphoresis
- decreased cap refill and urine output
- increased thirst, fatigue, mental status changes
What are the lab findings of hypovolemic shock?
- lactate
- high Co2 (metabolic acidosis)
- complete a CBC and CMP to assess H/H, Na, K, Cl, etc
What is the management for hypovolemic shock?
- give fluids
- patient position (elevate legs)
- O2 therapy
- vasoactive meds
What are the causes of cardiogenic shock?
- problem with heart pumping
- causes include CHF, MI, valve disease, any heart stressor
What are the clinical manifestations of cardiogenic shock?
same as hypovolemic shock PLUS angina, dysrhythmias, crackles
What are the lab findings for cardiogenic shock?
- cardiac enzymes (CKMB/Trop)
- potassium and calcium
- lactate
- ABG
What is the management for cardiogenic shock?
- correct underlying cause eg MI
- O2 therapy
- pain control to relax vasculature
- EKG
- pharmacologic therapy to improve cardiac contractility
What are the causes of distributive:anaphylactic shock?
hypersensitivity to an allergen
What are the defining characteristics of anaphylactic shock?
- acute onset
- resp distress, hypotension, GI distress, etc
- cardiovascular compromise minutes/hours later (even if epipen is used pt needs to be monitored)
What are the manifestations of anaphylactic shock?
- laryngeal edema, bronchospasm, angioedema, hypotension, dysrhythmias, chest pain, erythema, N/V, itching, HA, ‘impending doom’
What is the management for anaphylactic shock?
- identify and remove cause
- fluids
- epinephrine or diphenhydramine (benadryl)
- albuterol nebuliser
- prep for cardiac arrest
What are the causes of distibutive: neurogenic shock?
- loss of balance between parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation
- parasympathetic dominates and cause vasodilation
- causes include spinal anasthesia, autonomic dysfunction, SCI, meds
What are the clinical manifestations of neurogenic shock?
- hypotension, bradycardia, hypothermia
- dry warm extremities
- respiratory distress
- decreased urine output
- altered mental status
