Shock & Haemodynamic monitoring Flashcards
what are the consequences of a high SVR ?
- High MAP
- Low CO
What is MAP ?
CO x SVR
What are the causes of low BP?
- Low CO
- Loss of peripheral vascular resistance
What is CO?
SV x HR
Tachycardia is a compensatory mechanism for what variable
SV due to increased diastolic filling
Sympathetic effect on beta receptor?
- Increased HR
- Increased contractility
- Increased speed of AV conduction
Parasympathetic effect on muscarinic receptors?
- Decrease HR
- Decrease contractility
- Decrease speed of AV conduction
Sympathetic effect on arterial vasculature?
- Beta = dilation
- Alpha = Constriction
Pressure difference between the arterial and pulmonary circulation?
Pressure in the arterial circulation is 6 times that of the pulmonary circulation
Frank starling curve?
- Increase in preload
- Increase LVEDV
- Increase SV
Further increases in LVEDV will not lead to increases in SV
The venous return is always equal to?
Cardiac output if no change in circulating volume
Number of ATP produced during aerobic and anaerobic respiration ?
- Aerobic - 34
- Anaerobic - 2
Types of shock?
- Hypovolaemic
- Distributive
- Cardiogenic
- Obstructive
What are the characteristics of hypovolaemic shock?
- Volume depletion
- ## Haemorrhage or water loss (e.g diarrhea)
Consequences of neurogenic shock on BP & HR?
Hypotension and bradycardia
What are the characteristics of distributive shock?
- Vasodilation
- Types: Neurogenic, anaphylactic, septic
What are the characteristics of cardiogenic shock?
- ## Pump failure
Clinical signs of LV failure?
- High SVR
- Cold and clammy peripherally
- Pulmonary oedema
Clinical signs of RV failure ?
- Hypoxic
- High systemic venous pressures
- Peripheral oedema
- High CVP
- Gut oedema
Characteristics of obstructive shock?
- Blockage to flow of blood
- PE/PTX
- Low BP
What is the normal SVO2?
75%
Important facts about CVS?
- SBP determines LV afterlad
- MAP determines organ perfusion
- Diastolic determines coronary perfusion
- Pulse pressure (SBP-DBP)
