Organ dysfunction Flashcards
The use of mechanical ventilation?
- Reduce work of breathing
- Support gas exchange
- Buy time for other interventions
What is Type 1 respiratory failure?
PO2 < 8
What are the causes of type 1 respiratory failure?
- V/Q mismatch
- Shunt
- Hypoventilation
- Impaired diffusion
- Low inspired fraction of oxygen
What is type 2 respiratory failure?
CO > 6 and PO2 < 8
Whats are the causes of type 2 respiratory failure/
- increased co2 production
- Decreased co2 elimination
- Decreased CNS drive
- Neuromuscular disease
- Increased work of breathing
- Asthma/COPD
- Pulmonary fibrosis
- Kyphoscoliosis
- Increaeed physiological dead space - Hypovolaemia, low CO, alveolar overdistention
What is type 3 respiratory failure?
- Perioperative
- Atelectasis
- Low FRC
what is type 4 respiratory failure?
- Shock
Components of the berlin criteria for ARDS
- Within one week of known clinical insult
- Bilateral opacities - No explained by effusions
- Not explained by cardiac or fluid overload
Levels of PaO2/FiO2 ratio on PEEP of 5?
- Mild = 200-300 mmHg
- Moderate = 100 - 200 mmHg
- Severe = < 100 mmHg
What is the normal peak inspiratory flow?
20-30L/min
What is the PEEP effect of optiflow?
Approximately 1 cmH20 / 10L/min of flow
Typical patients requiring NIV?
- COPD / Type 2 RF
- Pulmonary oedema
Mechanics of CPAP in cardiogenic pulmonary oedema?
Reduced LV after-load via positive intra-thoracic pressure
What is the normal value of respiratory compliance ?
> 50ml/cmH2O
What are the effects of PEEP on venous return?
Reduction with hypotension
