Analgesia & Sedation

Question 1

Physiologcial response to pain?

Answer 1

• Increase myocardial oxygen consumption
• Impaired healing & immune function
• Muscle loss
• Hyperglycaemia
• Increased stress hormone release
• Vasoconstriction
• Pulmonary complications

Question 2

Pain scales in conscious patients?

Answer 2

• NRS - Numerical rating scale 1-10
• VAS - Visual analogue scale

Question 3

Pain scales in unconscious patients?

Answer 3

• BPS - Behavioural pain score
• CPOT - Critical care pain observation tool

Question 4

Components of BPS? Max score 1-4 for each component?

Answer 4

• Facial expression
• Upper limbs
• Compliance with ventilation