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Cata 262 midterm 1 > Shock and extra notes > Flashcards

Shock and extra notes Flashcards

1
Q

Causes and outcomes of hypovolemic shock

A

Burns, dehydration, increase sweating and vomiting

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2
Q

What are the sequences of events of hypovolemic shock?

A
  • Decrease in blood volume
  • Decrease in venous return (less blood to the heart)
  • Decrease in CO (amount of blood heart pumps/min)
  • Decrease in tissue perfusion
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3
Q

What are the treatments for shock?

A
  1. secure airway
  2. assiste ventilation
  3. provide O2
  4. never give anything by mouth
  5. O2 blanket
  6. stop fluid loss and replace lost fluid
  7. control external bleeds
  8. monitor vitals
  9. anticipate vomit
  10. hospital
  11. reassure patient
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4
Q

Define psychogenic shock

A

Loss of sympathic control due to:

  • fear
  • emotional distress
  • sudden rxn to NS
  • temporary dilation
  • decreased oxygen to the brain
  • syncope
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5
Q

What are the signs of psychogenic shock?

A

Decrease in pulse and BP, cold skin, faint

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6
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: psychogenic shock is commonly self-correcting

A

TRUE

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7
Q

Define neurogenic shock

A

Loss of sympathetic outflow and autonomic functions (loss of blood vessel control = vasodilation and hypotension), rare and usually a response to SCI

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8
Q

What are signs and symptoms of neurogenic shock?

A

Body cardia, weak pulse, warm skin, priapism (erection), cervical injury, decrease in BP

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9
Q

Define spinal shock

A

Temporary loss of neurologic function and automatic tone below level of SCI, may last days to weeks, NO perfusion to tissue

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10
Q

Define septic shock

A

sepsis (response ton infection) with drops in BP and organ failure such as vasodilation

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11
Q

What are the steps that follow a source of infection?

A
  • Bacteria in your blood
  • Leaking blood vessel
  • Organ dysfunction
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12
Q

Signs and treatment of septic shock

A

Cool clammy and molted skin, decrease in BP

Treatment: give oxygen and rush to the hospital

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13
Q

Define anaphylactic shock

A

A severe allergic reaction that is a medical emergency

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of anaphylactic shock?

A
  • Redness
  • Itchy, burning skin
  • Hives
  • Swelling of tongue
  • Generalized edema
  • Pain to constrict chest
  • Weak pulse
  • Etc.
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15
Q

When do we insert epinephrine?

A

When breathing problems appear due to anaphylactic shock

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16
Q

Aside epipen, what is another treatment for anaphylactic shock?

A

Anti-histamine (oral)

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17
Q

Define cariogenic shock

A

Inadequate function of the heart of failure of its pumping activity

18
Q

What can cause cariogenic shock?

A

Direct bruise to the heart, heart attack and cardiac arrest

19
Q

What are signs and symptoms of cariogenic shock?

A

Chest pain, irregular/weak pulse, cyanosis, decrease in BP, anxiety

20
Q

Define respiratory shock

A

Failure of the lungs to transfer sufficient oxygen into the bloodstream, occurs with breathing emergencies or respiratory arrest

21
Q

What are the signs, symptoms and treatments for respiratory shock?

A

Rapid, weak pulse, decrease in BP, cyanosis, cool/clammy

Treatments: secure airway, assist ventilation, immediate transportation

22
Q

Which type of shock shows warm and dry skin?

A

Neurogenic shock

23
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Hypovolemic, neurogenic, septic and cariogenic all result in low BP

A

TRUE

24
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: neurogenic shock allows your LOC to be altered

A

FALSE: it’s lucid

25
Q

What are classic signs of wound infection?

A
  • increase in pain around the wound
  • excess puss coming out of the wound
  • redness
  • fever/flu-like symptoms
  • increased odor form the wound
  • warmth
  • swelling/tenderness
26
Q

What are the secondary signs of infections in wounds?

A
  • delayed wound healing
  • foul smell
  • wound breakdown/enlargement
  • increased draining from the wound
  • discoloration of the wound (darker)
  • increased fragility of the wound bed
27
Q

What are the goals of wound care?

A
  1. Hemostasis
  2. Promote wound healing
  3. Reduce scar formation
  4. Reduce tissue loss
28
Q

What are the general O2 administration guidelines?

A
  • Normal SpO2 range 95-100%
  • Problematic SpO2: <90%
  • Do not start O2 therapy if >92% (ex. 93%)
  • Stop O2 therapy no higher than 96% O2 sat
29
Q

What is the ischemia tolerance for the brain, heart and lungs?

A

4-6 minutes

30
Q

What is the ischemia tolerance for the muscles, skin and skeleton?

A

4-6 hours

31
Q

What is the ischemia tolerance for the pancreas, intestines and kidneys?

A

45-90 minutes

32
Q

Which epistaxis are the most common?

A

Anterior epistaxis

33
Q

Which type of nose bleeds cans be severe and spontaneous?

A

Posterior epsitaxis

34
Q

Why do bruises start as red?

A

They are rich in oxygen due to the newly pooled blood underneath the skin

35
Q

Define shock

A

Insufficient return of blood flow to the heart, resulting in inadequate supply of oxygen to all organs and tissues of the body

36
Q

What is the most common cause of shock?

A

Haemorrage

37
Q

What is the safest approach when dealing with shock?

A

Assume it is hemorrage until proven otherwise

38
Q

What are the three stages of shock?

A
  1. Compensated shock =minimal changes
  2. Decompensated shock = systems begin failing
  3. Irreversible shock = ischemia and death imminent
39
Q

What are the 3 elements of blood pressure?

A
  • Fluid
  • Pump : collects and moves fluid foward
  • Pipes: distributes
40
Q

Compensation leads to what?

A

Vasodilation increase and blood does not fill the system entirely

41
Q

What are the 2 things you need to limit when someone goes in shock?

A
  1. insufficient blood supply

2. The slowing down of the body processes

42
Q

Define hypovolemic shock

A

Results from large scale loss of blood, as might follow acute hemorrage, dehydration, loss of fluid, plasma, RBC and electrolytes

Cata 262 midterm 1 (7 decks)

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