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Cata 262 midterm 1 > Bleeding management > Flashcards

Bleeding management Flashcards

1
Q

Arteries take up what percent of your total body weight?

A

8%

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2
Q

How long does circulation in the body take?

A

75 sec

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3
Q

What is the total blood volume?

A

5-6 liters

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4
Q

If you have 30 % of blood loss, what happens?

A

Severe/fatal shock

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5
Q

What percent of blood loss only results in moderate shock?

A

15%

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6
Q

Define coagulation

A

Process of converting fluid to a solid/gel

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7
Q

How long does hemostasis take?

A

6-10 minutes

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8
Q

What condition leads to no clotting?

A

Large vessel lacerations, hemophiliacs, aspirin, large space lacerations

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9
Q

What are the signs of a life threatening bleed?

A
  1. Patient is confused or unconscious
  2. Loss of limb
  3. Bandages continues to soak in blood
  4. Blood spurting
  5. Blood won’t stop coming out of the wound
  6. Pool of blood under the patient
  7. Clothing soaked in blood
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10
Q

External bleed target which vessels?

A

Arterial, capillaries, venous

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11
Q

What is the difference between vein, capillary and arterial bleeds?

A

Artery: Spurts of blood, red color, pulsating flow
Vein: Dark red color, steady slow flow
Capillary: Slow even flow

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12
Q

What can be reasons for more bleeding?

A

Athlete just finished exercising
Anti-coagulants
Hypertensive individuals
Hemophiliacs

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13
Q

What are solid organs?

A

Liver, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys, ovaries

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14
Q

What are hollow organs?

A

Stomach, large intestine, small intestine, gallbladder, bladder, bile ducts and ureters

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15
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: we should elevate pressure points

A

FALSE: never elevate

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16
Q

What is the last resort when dealing with major bleeds?

A

Tourniquet

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17
Q

How can you check if your tourniquet is tight enough?

A

The tip or your three fingers should not be able to slide under

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18
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: it’s okay to place a tourniquet over a joint

A

FALSE

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19
Q

Should your tourniquet be proximal or distal if bleeding is not apparent?

A

proximal

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20
Q

What are the 3 main steps when dealing with external bleeds?

A

Oxygen, prevent shock, treat shock

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21
Q

Define abrasion

A

The process of scraping or wearing away the skin

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22
Q

Define blister

A

Fluid filled lesion, located between epidermis and dermis

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23
Q

Define laceration

A

Irregular cut

24
Q

Define puncture

A

Penetration of the skin and underlying tissues

25
Q

Define avulsion

A

Complete separation of the skin

26
Q

Define incision

A

Clean straight cut

27
Q

Name the possible closed wounds

A

Ecchymosis
Hematoma
Effusion
Edema

28
Q

Define ecchymosis

A

Medical term for the common bruise

A discoloration of the skin resulting from the bleeding underneath typically caused by bruising

29
Q

What is the MOI for an ecchymosis

A

Impact

30
Q

How do colors progress in ecchymosis

A

Red/purple, blue/black, brown, yellow

31
Q

Aside impact and bleeding underneath, what else causes bruising?

A

Thin skin (elderly) and bleeding disorders

32
Q

What is hematoma usually referred to as?

A

Cork

33
Q

Define what and where hematomas will be found

A

Internal bleeding/pooling of blood outside an artery, found in tissue, space/organ (ex. fascia)

34
Q

What is the MOI for hematomas

A
  • Direct impact
  • Blunt trauma or indirect post muscle tear
  • Rupture
35
Q

What is the primary cause for hematoma?

A

Trauma

36
Q

What are other causes of hematoma (beside trauma)?

A
  1. Orthopedic injuries (fractures)
  2. Meds
  3. Aneurysm
  4. Viral infections
37
Q

What are the symptoms of hematoma?

A
  • Swelling
  • Inflammation
  • Tenderness
  • Bruising /redness
  • Warmth
  • Pain
38
Q

Define edema

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues

39
Q

what happens when capillaries leak fluid?

A

The fluid builds up in surrounding tissues, leading to swelling

40
Q

Where does edema occur?

A

Outside a joint

41
Q

What are signs of edema?

A
  1. Swelling of tissue directly under the skin
  2. Shiny/stretched skin
  3. Skin retains dimple/pit
  4. Increased abdominal size
42
Q

Where does joint effusion occur?

A

Around a joint

43
Q

What are the causes of joint effusion?

A

Infection, arthritis, injury

44
Q

Where are the common locations of joint effusion?

A 
knee
ankle
shoulder
elbow
hip
45
Q

If there is any blood or fluid loss coming form the ears and/or eyes, where is the injury?

A

Head

46
Q

If there is any blood loss coming from the mouth, where is the injury?

A

Digestive track

47
Q

If there is blood coming from your urethra, where is the injury?

A

Urinary track/ kidneys

48
Q

Name the signs and symptoms of internal bleeding

A
  • Rigid abdominal cavity
  • Pain, tenderness, discoloration (ecchymosis), swelling (edema/hematoma/hemarthrosis)
  • Dizziness
  • Increased thirst
  • Restlessness and anxiety
  • Weak and helpless feeling
  • Shallow and rapid breaths
  • Cold and clammy skin
  • Weak and rapid pulse
  • Cap refill >2 seconds
  • Dull eyes, enlarged pupils, blurred vision
49
Q

What must be done to TREAT internal bleeds?

A
  • Stop the bleed(s),
  • Lie down and elevate the legs (not for head and chest injury)
  • Loosen tight clothes
  • Prepare for vomit
  • Maintain airway
  • Administer oxygen
  • Prevent head loss
  • Give nothing by mouth
  • Record vitals
50
Q

Nose bleeds are called?

A

Epistaxis

51
Q

What causes a nose bleed?

A

Trauma causing capillaries to rupture

52
Q

What is the epistaxis treatment?

A

Pinch nose, head flexion, sit and rest

53
Q

What do you avoid doing during epistaxis?

A

Blowing and rubbing the nose, nasal spray, ice

54
Q

Define ischemia

A

An inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles (lack of adequate perfusion

55
Q

What are the effects of hemmorage?

A
  1. Decrease in oxygen
  2. Decrease in blood pressure
  3. Decrease in blood supply
  4. Increase in HR to compensate for low BP
56
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: we should apply antibiotic cream/ointment if possible and if there is no allergie

A

TRUE

Cata 262 midterm 1 (7 decks)

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