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Cata 262 midterm 1 > Primary and secondary assessment > Flashcards

Primary and secondary assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What does BVM stand for?

A

Bag valve mask

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2
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: using a BVM is the most efficient way to deliver oxygen to a non-breathing patient

A

TRUE

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3
Q

Name 3 ways to insert an OPA

A

90 degree method
180 degree method
using a tongue depressor

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4
Q

What does SAMPLE stand for?

A 
Signs and symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Past medical history
Last intake
Events prior
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5
Q

When should SAMPLE be taken?

A

During secondary assessment

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6
Q

If the patient is unconscious, how the we retrieve SAMPLE?

A

Trough someone else who knows (player)

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7
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Trauma jaw thrust should be performed on a prone victim

A

False: airways are already opened

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8
Q

Describe hypoxia

A

Describes an inadequate amount of oxygen at the cellular/tissue level

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9
Q

Is it necessary to use equipment to assist with breathing, if yes why and with what?

A

Yes, we should use a pocket mask or BVM

It serves to prevent contamination and further issues

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10
Q

Define agonal breathing

A

Occasional breathing (gasps of air) even when the heart stopped beating due to impulses form the brain

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11
Q

When and what is Cheyne stroke breathing

A

When there is trauma to the head or stroke patient has an increased rate and depth of breathing

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12
Q

What is the best way ton inflict pain on someone unconscious?

A

Triceps pinch and/or nail bed dig

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13
Q

When should a nasopharyngeal airway be used?

A

When a victim is semi-conscious or unconscious with a gag reflex

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14
Q

What are the signs of laboured breathing?

A
  1. use of accessory muscles
  2. cyanosis (blueish skin)
  3. Lungs sounds
  4. Uneven breaths
  5. Cool clammy skin
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15
Q

What is a normal breathing rate?

A

Adults: 12-20 bpm
Child: 15-30 bpm
Infant: 25-50 bpm

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16
Q

What does UABCd stand for?

A 
Unconsciousness
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
defibrillator
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17
Q

What are the different levels of consciousness?

A

Alert
response to Verbal stimuli
reponse to Pain stimuli
Unresponsive

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18
Q

What is the best way to open an airway with no SCI suspicion?

A

Head/chin tilt

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19
Q

What is the goal of the primary assessment?

A

To find and correct life threats

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20
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: the helmet of an athlete can be removed for better access to the face

A

FALSE: Cutting the face mask and tilting the grid is the best way

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21
Q

If a victim is in between sizes for an OPA, which one is prefered?

A

The bigger size

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22
Q

What should one say when on the phone with 911?

A
  1. Status of patient
  2. Age of patient
  3. LOC,ABC status
  4. Vitals
  5. Multiple trauma
  6. Medical history
  7. Location with access specifics
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23
Q

When do you signal/activate your ERP?

A

When the athlete is unconscious of in a life threatening situation

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24
Q

What is the first thing you do upon arriving to the scene once you know it’s safe?

A

You immobilize the patient

25
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: you can cross over a patient

A

FALSE, you go around

26
Q

What is the first thing you do to check for LOC?

A

An auditive action: like what happened or what is your name

27
Q

What is the following step after primary assessment?

A

Making sure airway is still open, insert an OPA and keep assistant opening the airway

28
Q

What is the main cause of airway obstruction?

A

The tongue

29
Q

If you find no pulse on an athlete, what do you do next?

A

CPR

30
Q

How is circulation evaluated?

A

The presence and quality of the pulse, color of the skin and external bleeding

31
Q

What can cause gastric distention?

A

Blowing too hard or too quickly when giving air and airway obstruction

32
Q

What can result form gastric distention?

A

Vomiting

33
Q

What are the 3 most frequent positions for an injured athlete?

A

Prone, semi-prone and supine

34
Q

What technique must you do to open airway if you suspect an SCI

A

Trauma jaw thrust

35
Q

How do you check for a gag reflex?

A

Brush finger against eyelid to see if they shutter

36
Q

How long should primary assessment take?

A

30-45 sec

37
Q

How long should airway and oxygenation take?

A

4-6 min

38
Q

During secondary assessement, what should you palpate first? and second?

A

You palpate what you don’t see first starting with the head and neck, checking gloves and then palpating the front. Check your gloves regularly

39
Q

Where do you check the pulse on an infant vs adult in primary assessment?

A

Infant: brachial pulse
Adult: carotid pulse

40
Q

Name 4 things to check in a scene size up upon approaching the victim

A
  1. Safety for yourself
  2. Body substance isolation
  3. Body position of the athlete
  4. Number of victims
41
Q

Blood spurting comes form a vein or an artery?

A

Artery

42
Q

What are the initial observations you must do when approaching your athlete?

A
  1. Position of the athlete
  2. Skin color
  3. Pupils
  4. Sweating
  5. Deformity
  6. Asymetries
  7. Bleeding
43
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: the lowest grade you can get on a glasgow come scale is 0

A

FALSE, it’s 3

44
Q

How do you correctly mesure an OPA

A

Form the earlobe to the corner of the mouth

45
Q

What are the early signs of hypoxia?

A
  1. Nervousness
  2. Irritability
  3. Apprehension
  4. Tachycardia (increase in heart rate)
46
Q

What are the late sings of hypoxia?

A
  • Changes in mental status
  • Unsing accessory breathing muscles
  • Possible chest pain
  • Cyanosis
47
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: A person who gets a 15 on the glasgow scale should be considered as fully alert

A

TRUE

48
Q

What does it mean to get 3 points under eye opening? Glasgow

A

Open to voice (not spontaneous which would have given 4 points)

49
Q

If you obey command, how many points do you get on th glasgow scale?

A

6

50
Q

When using a pocket mask with additionnal oxygen, how much oxygen are you providing to the athlete?

A

50%

51
Q

When should artificial ventilation be used?

A

Athlete is not breathing but has a pulse

52
Q

What are we looking for during secondary assessment?

A 
Deformities
Contusions
Abrasions
Puncture
Burns & bruises
Tenderness
Laceration
Swelling
53
Q

If there is a medical condition, what do you do after primary assessment?

A

Vitals

54
Q

What is the order of treatment?

A
  1. Deformities to the head and spine
  2. Epithelial
  3. Fracture
  4. General
55
Q

Why do we do vitals 3 times?

A

To compare the results with each one and what is happening to your athlete

56
Q

What do you do when reporting to EMT?

A

Introduce yourself and your qualifications
Give a narrative report
Field impressions
What you did with the response of your athlete

57
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: you must ask for an ambulance number and hospital destination

A

TRUE

58
Q

Which vitals are you checking?

A

Pulse, BP, Pupils, O2 levels (pulse oximetry), Breathing and skin temperature

Cata 262 midterm 1 (7 decks)

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