Kinematics of trauma & fracture management Flashcards
Define MOI
Mechanism of injury: The method which the trauma occurred, describes the force acting on body to cause the injury along how and what body part
Why is the MOI important?
To later determine how severe the injury could be (role of health professionals) and creates a better expectation of the injury
What is IOS?
- Index of suspicion:
- Educated area on the possible injury that has occurred
- Your concern for potentially serious underlying injuries
- Based on the available findings in the patient
- MOI will help you form your IOS
- Refers to what our initial impressions of the likelihood of a disease or condition is
- A high index of suspicion means you consider the diagnosis a strong possibility
- A low index of suspicion means the converse
Define potential energy
Energy of position (mgh) when the athlete is in one immobile position or in the air
Define kinetic energy
Energy of motion, the athlete is falling
Define work
Transfer of energy, potential energy has completely transferred to kinetic energy resulting in the work done, which is commonly when the athlete has hit the floor
What is the law of conservation of energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one to another
If the speed of my athlete doubles, what happens to his energy?
It quadruples
TRUE OR FALSE: an object will remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force
TRUE: inertia
Define blunt trauma
Result of force to the body causes injury primarily without penetrating the soft tissue or internal organs and cavities produced by extreme exertion, fatigue and direct trauma
What are the common blunt traumas seen in athlete settings?
- Contusions
- Ligament injuries
- Fractures
- Dislocations
- SCI
- Internal organ damage
What are the predictions that must be made for sports related injuries?
- Kinematics forces involved
- Speed
- Equipment contributing to the injury
- Involvement of protective equipment
- Nature of sport
- Athlete’s level of skill
- Muscle attempt to prevent movement of broken bone/
Define closed fracture
Break in a bone where the skin over the site remains intact (the force put on the bone exceeds its capacity to withstand)
TRUE OR FALSE: closed fractures can only be incomplete
FALSE: the can be both
Define open fractures
A fracture in which the fractured bone breaks through the skin. Because of the open wound, there is an added risk of infection
TRUE OR FALSE: in an open fracture, the bone may go back in on its own
TRUE
Define displaced fracture
The fracture is complete, produces a deformity or distortion of the limb, can be shortened by the rotation or angulation of the bone
What are the signs and symptoms of fractures?
Pain, deformity, point of tenderness during palpation, swelling, guarding
If there is bleeding from the fracture, what speed does the swelling occur?
Fast
Why does general swelling take a few hours to show?
Due to fluid build up
What do we look for during secondary assessment that can indicate fractures?
- no room, locked joints
- crepitus
- bruising
- exposed fragments
- False motion, free movements
What are the two forearm fractures?
Smiths (wrist inward) and colles (wrist outward) fractures
What is the evaluation process of a fracture?
- UABCD
- MOI
- Age/gender
- Pain scale
- History of previous fractures
- Open fracture
When do you use a tuning fork?
When there is no deformity
