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Cata 262 midterm 1 > Kinematics of trauma & fracture management > Flashcards

Kinematics of trauma & fracture management Flashcards

1
Q

Define MOI

A

Mechanism of injury: The method which the trauma occurred, describes the force acting on body to cause the injury along how and what body part

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2
Q

Why is the MOI important?

A

To later determine how severe the injury could be (role of health professionals) and creates a better expectation of the injury

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3
Q

What is IOS?

A
  • Index of suspicion:
  • Educated area on the possible injury that has occurred
  • Your concern for potentially serious underlying injuries
  • Based on the available findings in the patient
  • MOI will help you form your IOS
  • Refers to what our initial impressions of the likelihood of a disease or condition is
  • A high index of suspicion means you consider the diagnosis a strong possibility
  • A low index of suspicion means the converse
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4
Q

Define potential energy

A

Energy of position (mgh) when the athlete is in one immobile position or in the air

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5
Q

Define kinetic energy

A

Energy of motion, the athlete is falling

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6
Q

Define work

A

Transfer of energy, potential energy has completely transferred to kinetic energy resulting in the work done, which is commonly when the athlete has hit the floor

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7
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one to another

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8
Q

If the speed of my athlete doubles, what happens to his energy?

A

It quadruples

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9
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: an object will remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force

A

TRUE: inertia

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10
Q

Define blunt trauma

A

Result of force to the body causes injury primarily without penetrating the soft tissue or internal organs and cavities produced by extreme exertion, fatigue and direct trauma

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11
Q

What are the common blunt traumas seen in athlete settings?

A
  1. Contusions
  2. Ligament injuries
  3. Fractures
  4. Dislocations
  5. SCI
  6. Internal organ damage
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12
Q

What are the predictions that must be made for sports related injuries?

A
  1. Kinematics forces involved
  2. Speed
  3. Equipment contributing to the injury
  4. Involvement of protective equipment
  5. Nature of sport
  6. Athlete’s level of skill
  7. Muscle attempt to prevent movement of broken bone/
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13
Q

Define closed fracture

A

Break in a bone where the skin over the site remains intact (the force put on the bone exceeds its capacity to withstand)

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14
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: closed fractures can only be incomplete

A

FALSE: the can be both

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15
Q

Define open fractures

A

A fracture in which the fractured bone breaks through the skin. Because of the open wound, there is an added risk of infection

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16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: in an open fracture, the bone may go back in on its own

A

TRUE

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17
Q

Define displaced fracture

A

The fracture is complete, produces a deformity or distortion of the limb, can be shortened by the rotation or angulation of the bone

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18
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of fractures?

A

Pain, deformity, point of tenderness during palpation, swelling, guarding

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19
Q

If there is bleeding from the fracture, what speed does the swelling occur?

A

Fast

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20
Q

Why does general swelling take a few hours to show?

A

Due to fluid build up

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21
Q

What do we look for during secondary assessment that can indicate fractures?

A
  1. no room, locked joints
  2. crepitus
  3. bruising
  4. exposed fragments
  5. False motion, free movements
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22
Q

What are the two forearm fractures?

A

Smiths (wrist inward) and colles (wrist outward) fractures

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23
Q

What is the evaluation process of a fracture?

A
  • UABCD
  • MOI
  • Age/gender
  • Pain scale
  • History of previous fractures
  • Open fracture
24
Q

When do you use a tuning fork?

A

When there is no deformity

25
Q

What is the most common evaluation to test?

26
Q

Which side do you begin on when evaluating a fracture?

A

The good side, no pain

27
Q

Define the Ottawa rule

A

A test that determines with a very high sensitivity when to obtain an ankle x-Ray series

28
Q

What do you do when determined there is a fracture?

A

Rest
Immobilize
Cold
Elevate

29
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: we compress a fracture

30
Q

What are the principles of splinting?

A
  1. Support the injured part
  2. Expose the injury site
  3. Cover open wounds/ control bleeding
  4. Check distal PMSC
  5. Apply splint
  6. Stabilize the joint above and below the injury
  7. secure splint with triangular bandages
  8. recheck PMSC
  9. Apply ice if tolerable
  10. Elevate
31
Q

What are the 5 p’s of fracture?

A 
Pain
Paralysis
Pulse
Paresthesia
Pallor
32
Q

Define a non-union fracture

A

When a broken bone does not succeed to heal

33
Q

What are the problems that can occur with fractures?

A
  1. non-union
  2. Infection due to an open wound
  3. Shock
  4. Blood vessel entrapment
  5. Fat embolism
  6. Neural entrapment
34
Q

Define a fat embolism

A

A process by which a fat emboli (fat particle) passes into the blood stream and lodges in the vessel

35
Q

Which fractures create a horizontal break?

A

Transverse

36
Q

Which fracture causes many small pieces of bones to shatter?

A

Communicated

37
Q

Define an oblique fracture

A

Diagonal break of the bone, can be displaced or nondisplaced

38
Q

Define serrated fracture

A
  • 2 bony fragments rub against each other
  • usually caused by a direct blow
  • can cause extensive internal damage
  • severance of vital blood vessels and nerves
39
Q

Define greenstick fracture

A

Only one side of the shaft is broken and the other is bent (ofter in children)

40
Q

Define spiral fracture

A

A fracture that is spread along the length of a bone and produced by twisting stress

41
Q

Name: occurs to the wall of the eye orbit as a result of a blow to the eye

A

Blowout fracture

42
Q

What is a symptom of a blowout fracture?

A

Drop of eye due to lack of support

43
Q

Depressed fractures are common where?

A

Flat bones

44
Q

When a bone splits across its length it’s a?

A

Longitudinal fracture

45
Q

A long bone receive such an impact it causes the osseous tissue to compress is called a?

A

Impacted fracture

46
Q

Define avulsion fracture

A

A portion of the bone becomes fragmented at site of tendon attachement from a traumatic and sudden stretch of tendon

47
Q

How does a stress fracture occur?

A
  • Overuse
  • Poor muscles balance
  • Lack of flexibility
  • Weakness in soft tissue
  • Malnutrition
  • Stresses on the body are greater than it can compensate
48
Q

What are the symptoms of stress fractures?

A
  • Pain
  • Tenderness after activity
  • No or little pain in the morning but the pain returns after activity
49
Q

What are the different types of epiphyseal plate fractures?

A 
Straight across
Above
Lower or below
Two or through
Erasure of the growth plate or crush
50
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: you can see and epiphyseal plate fracture on an xray

A

FALSE: it will always show the plate clear

51
Q

What direction does the force travel for an elbow fracture?

A

wrist-elbow

52
Q

What are the symptoms for an elbow fracture?

A
  • Painful and tender
  • Bruising
  • Swelling
  • Deformity
  • Cold,pale,numb
  • Ability to move elbow-wrist is lost usually
53
Q

what are some penetrating trauma causes?

A
  • Caused by sharp objects
  • Broken sport equipment
  • Open injury
  • Direct injury to the underlying structures
54
Q

Define Penetrating trauma

A

Injury by object that primarily pierce and penetrate the surface of the body and causes damage to soft tissues, internal organs and cavities

55
Q

Define a fracture

A

Is a disruption or change in the continuity of the bone

The break can occur at any point along a bone and in many different types of patterns

56
Q

What is a failure point?

A

The point where there is too much energy on the bone and it fractures

57
Q

What does SHARP stand for when looking for a fracture?

A 
Swelling
Heat
Altered function
Redness
Pain

Cata 262 midterm 1 (7 decks)

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