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2a Cardio > Shock > Flashcards

Shock Flashcards

1
Q

Shock is life-threatening h______ due to acute circulation failure

A

hypoperfusion

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2
Q

Shock leads to tissue _____ and risk of ____ dysfunction

A

hypoxia
organ

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3
Q

How do patients with shock present?

A

Increased capillary refill time (3+ seconds for hands after pressed 5 secs)

Weak and rapid pulse
Confusion
Pale, cold, sweaty skin (vasoconstriction)
Decreased urine output
Reduced GCS
Prolonged hypotension

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4
Q

Prolonged hypotension can lead to life-threatening _____ ________ after acute emergency recovery of shock

A

organ failure

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5
Q

Name 5 types of shock

A

Anaphylactic
Septic
Hypovolaemic
Cardiogenic
Neurogenic

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6
Q

Which are key organs at risk of failure from shock?

A

Brain
Heart
Lung
Kidney

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7
Q

What causes hypovolaemic shock?

A

Blood loss from trauma or GI bleed
or
Fluid loss from dehydration

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8
Q

What are symptoms of hypovolaemic shock?

A

Clammy pale skin
Confusion
Hypotension and tachycardia

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9
Q

How is hypovolaemic shock treated?

A

ABCDE
Airways
Breathing (give O2)
Circulation (IV fluids)

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10
Q

What causes septic shock?

A

Uncontrolled bacterial infection

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11
Q

What are symptoms of septic shock?

A

Pyrexia
Warm peripheries
Bounding pulse (strong throbbing)
Tachycardia

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12
Q

How is septic shock treated?

A

ABCDE
Broad spec antibiotics

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13
Q

What causes cardiogenic shock?

A

Heart pump failure: MI, cardiac tamponade, PE

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14
Q

What are symptoms of cardiogenic shock?

A

Heart failure signs like oedema
Raised JVP
S4 heart sound (non-compliant ventricle means sound as blood rushes in)

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15
Q

How is cardiogenic shock treated?

A

ABCDE
Treat underlying cause (Mi, cardiac tamponade, PE)

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16
Q

What reaction occurs during an anaphylactic shock?

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, IgE mediated against allergen.

17
Q

In an anaphylactic shock what does histamine release cause?

A

Excess vasodilation so MAP falls

Excess bronchoconstriction so hypoxic

18
Q

What are symptoms of anaphylactic shock?

A

Hypotension and tachycardia
Urticaria (hives)
Puffy face
Flushing of cheeks

19
Q

How is an anaphylactic shock treated?

A

ABCDE
IM adrenaline 500 micrograms (Over 12 y/o)

20
Q

Where should IM adrenaline 500 micrograms be delivered in anaphylactic patient?

A

Anterolateral middle third of thigh

21
Q

What causes neurogenic shock?

A

Spinal cord trauma eg Road Traffic Accident

22
Q

In neurogenic shock the _______ nervous system is disrupted but the ___________ nervous system is still intact

A

sympathetic
parasympathetic

23
Q

What are symptoms of neurogenic shock?

A

Hypotension
Bradycardia
Confusion
Hypothermic

24
Q

What is treatment for neurogenic shock?

A

ABCDE
IV atropine

25
Q

Why is atropine given in neurogenic shock?

A

It blocks vagal tone
Allows more parasympathetic system inhibition so more chance for NS to work

2a Cardio (36 decks)

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