Valve disorders

Question 1

Regurgitation causes i______ and proximal chamber d____

Answer 1

insufficiency
dilation

Question 2

When does regurgitation occur?

Answer 2

When there is a floppy defective valve

Question 3

With regurgitation there is a loss of structural chamber i____ and s_____

Answer 3

integrity and strength

Question 4

Stenosis causes ____ upstream pressure and proximal chamber _____ and _______

Answer 4

increased
dilation and hypertrophy

Question 5

What is does stenosis describe in the heart?

Answer 5

Narrowed valve lumen

Question 6

What are the 2 common regurgitations and stenosis?

Answer 6

Aortic and mitral

Question 7

Aortic and mitral regurgitation and stenosis cause m_____

Answer 7

murmurs

Question 8

What mnemonic helps to remember when the murmurs are best heard?

Answer 8

RILE

Right side defects (tricuspid/pulmonary valve) heard on Inspiration

Left side defects (mitral/aortic valve) heard on Expiration

Question 9

When is a mitral stenosis murmur heard?

Answer 9

Think ARMS = diastolic

Heard during mid-diastole as blood fills left ventricle. Narrow valve restricts flow causing turbulent flow creating the murmur.

Question 10

When is an aortic stenosis murmur heard?

Answer 10

Think ASMR = systolic

Heard during systole as blood leaves the left ventricle. Narrow valve restricts flow out causing turbulent flow creating the murmur.

Question 11

When is an aortic regurgitation murmur heard?

Answer 11

Think ARMS = diastolic

Heard during diastole as aortic valve doesn’t close properly so blood leaks from aorta back into left ventricle creating turbulent flow with a murmur.

Question 12

When is a mitral regurgitation murmur heard?

Answer 12

Think ASMR = systolic

Heard during systole as mitral valve doesn’t flow properly so blood leads from left ventricle back to the left atrium creating turbulent flow with a murmur

Question 13

Where is a mitral stenosis murmur heard best and what can be heard?

Answer 13

At apex of heart = mid-clavicular line, 5th intercostal space. Best if patient lying of left side

Low pitch mid-diastolic murmur

Loud S1 snap (thickened valve cusps slapping each other)

Question 14

Where is an aortic stenosis murmur heard best and what can be heard?

Answer 14

At right sternal border, 2nd intercostal space

Ejection systolic crescendo decrescendo murmur, radiating to carotids

Prominent S4 sound (LVH)

Question 15

Where is a mitral regurgitation murmur heard best and what can be heard?

Answer 15

At apex of heart = mid-clavicular line, 5th intercostal space

Pan-systolic blowing murmur radiating to axilla

Soft S1, prominent S3

Question 16

Where is an aortic regurgitation murmur heard best and what can be heard?

Answer 16

At right sternal border, 2nd intercostal space

Early diastolic blowing murmur

Question 17

What is the most common valve disorder?

Answer 17

Aortic stenosis