Ship's Routeing & Reporting Flashcards
What publications contain information about Ship’s Routeing and/or Reporting?
- SOLAS Chapter V
- IMO Ship’s Routeing Guide
- ADMIRALTY Sailing Directions
- ADMIRALTY List of Radio Signals
- COLREGs Rule 10
- AMDIRALTY Routeing Guides
- Standard Navigational Charts
Purpose of Ship’s Routeing?
The purpose of ships’ routeing is to improve the safety of navigation in converging areas and in areas where the density of traffic is great or where freedom of movement of shipping is inhibited by restricted sea-room, the existence of obstructions to navigation, limited depths or unfavourable meteorological conditions. Ships’ routeing may also be used for the purpose of preventing or reducing the risk of pollution or other damage to the marine environment caused by ships colliding or grounding or anchoring in or near environmentally sensitive areas.
What are the functions of Ship’s Routeing?
- The separation of opposing streams of traffic so as to reduce the incidence of head-on encounters;
- The reduction of dangers of collision between crossing traffic and shipping in established traffic lanes;
- The simplification of the patterns of traffic flow in converging areas;
- The organization of safe traffic flow in areas of concentrated offshore exploration or exploitation;
- The organization of traffic flow in or around areas where navigation by al l ships or by certain classes of ship is dangerous or undesirable;
- The organization of safe traffic flow in or around or at a safe distance from environmentally sensitive areas;
- The reduction of risk of grounding by providing special guidance to vessels in areas where water depths are uncertain or critical;
- The guidance of traffic clear of fishing grounds or the organization of traffic through fishing grounds
Contents of IMO Ship’s Routeing?
- Part A - General provisions on ships’ routeing
- Part B - Traffic separation schemes and inshore traffic zones
- Part C - Deep-water routes
- Part D - Areas to be avoided
- Part E - Other routeing measures
- Part F - Associated rules and recommendations on navigation
- Part G - Mandatory ship reporting systems, mandatory routeing systems and mandatory no anchoring areas
- Part H – Adoption, designation and substitution or archipelagic sea lanes.
Difference between ADOPTED and NON ADOPTED traffic separation schemes?
An Adopted Traffic Separation Scheme is one which the IMO considers that
.1 the aids to navigation proposed will enable mariners to determine their position with sufficient accuracy to navigate in the scheme in accordance with rule 10 of the 1972 Collision Regulations, as amended;
.2 the state of hydrographic surveys in the area is adequate;*
.3 the scheme takes account of the accepted planning considerations and complies with the design criteria for traffic separation schemes and with established methods of routeing.
Publications where the mariner can gain information regarding a NEW ADOPTED traffic separation schemes?
- Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners Ships’ Routeing
- Passage Planning Charts
What information does a Routeing Guide contain?
Based on Chart 5502 (Malacca & Singapore Straits)…
1. Passage Planning using the Guide
2. General Rules & Recommendations
3. Special Rules & Recommendations
4. Special Class of Vessel
5. Local Hazards
6. Reporting & VTS
7. Maritime Radio Services
8. Aids to Navigation
9. Pilot Services
10. Tidal Information & Services
11. Memoranda
Name Mandatory Ship Reporting Systems
CALDOVREP (Straits of Dover & Adjacent Waters)
GIBREP (Gibraltar Straits)
MAREP (Malacca & Singapore Straits)
FINREP (North West Coast of Portugal)
For the CALDOVREP System, who does it apply to and who is exempt?
APPLY: ALL VESSELS over 300GT
EXEMPT: Cross Channel Ferries & Warships
For the CALDOVREP System, what information should a vessel provide within their report?
- Vessel ID
- Position
- Course & Speed
- Vessel’s Draught
- Route Information (last and next port of call, ETA)
- Hazardous Cargo with IMO Class & Quantity
- Any Deficiencies and if so, breakdown of them
What is CNIS?
Channel Navigation Information Services - part of the CALDOVREP System, joint operated by the UK & France
What is the function of CNIS and any other local reporting system?
- Keep the TSS’ under observation
- Monitor traffic flow
- Report vessels not following COLREGs
FOR CNIS IN DOVER:
They support the MCA & HM Coastguard in the following:
- Promoting safety of life at sea
- Improving counter-pollution measures
- Providing improved support of enforcement activity
Describe what is the use for AMVER (Automated Mutual-Assistance Vessel Rescue)?
For Search & Rescue operation, monitoring vessels for their safety, as well as the safety of life on board and protection of the marine environment.
Created and operated by the US Coastguard.
What vessel’s contribute to AMVER and is it compulsory for them?
Any vessel over 1000GT on a deep sea voyage
NO, it is not compulsory - it is voluntary
Outline the main principles and the purpose of WWNWS?
The World-Wide Navigational Warning Service (WWNWS), is a co-ordinated global service for the promulgation of navigational warnings. Navigational warnings are designed to give the mariner early information of important incidents which may constitute a danger to navigation.
State the obligation of a Master with regards to WWNWS?
Masters are required to make arrangements to ensure that all navigational warnings or other matters relating to safety of life at sea are brought to their notice, or that of the navigating officer on watch at the time, immediately on receipt.
How many NAVAREAS are part of the WWNWS?
21, transmitting 2 daily transmitions in English and Native language of the country observing the NAVAREA
Which NAVAREA does the United Kingdom observe and monitor?
NAVAREA I (1)
State the 4 types of Navigational Warnings that could be transmitted in NAVAREAs?
- NAVAREA
- Sub-Area
- Coastal
- Local
List information that could be transmitted in these Navigational Warnings?
- Damaged Lights, Signals and other Aids to Navigation
- New significant Aids to Navigation
- Wrecks & new dangers
- Presence of Towing Operations in congested / restricted waters
- Cable laying and Surveys
- Radio Equipment out of order
- Naval Exercises
- Security Information
- WHO (World Health Organisation) Information - e.g. COVID protocols
- Search & Rescue or Anti-Pollution Operations
Describe the area that NAVAREA Warnings cover?
They cover the whole NAVAREA - normally transmit a weekly list of all the applicable navigational warnings in force for the area
Describe the area that Sub-Area Warnings cover?
Same as NAVAREA Warnings however, they are designated to an isolated area within the NAVAREA
Describe the area that Coastal Warnings cover?
Seaward of the fairway buoy or pilot station, up to 250nm away. This area is covered by NAVTEX
Describe the area that Local Warnings cover?
Landward of the fairway buoy or pilot station. Normally transmitting localised hazards or pilot information
What categories CANNOT be rejected by NAVTEX?
- A = Navigational Warnings
- B = Meteorological Warnings
- D = Search & Rescue
Which NAVTEX category SHOULD NOT be rejected?
L = Additional Navigational Warnings
Referencing SOLAS Ch V / Reg 31, state the 6 situation the Master MUST communicate to other vessels and stations by ALL MEANS at their disposal?
- Dangerous Ice
- Dangerous Derelict
- Any other Direct Danger to Navigation
- Tropical Storm
- Sub Freezing Air Temperatures with Gale Force Winds leading to Ice Accretion
- Force 10+ Winds which no other report has been received
State to whom should the Danger Message be addressed?
All vessels in the vicinity and to competent authorities
State the information that must be contained within a Danger Message for DANGEROUS ICE, DERELICT OR OTHER DIRECT DANGER?
- Time & Date (UTC) of observation
- Position of the Hazard
- Kind of Hazard
State the information that must be contained within a Danger Message for TROPICAL STORMS?
- Time & Date (UTC) of observation
- Position of the ship
- Information including:
- Pressure currently
- Pressure tendency
- Wind (force - Beaufort & True Speed)
- Wind (direction)
- Sea Conditions
- Swell
- Vessel’s course & speed - Statement of description if possible
How often do you need to transmit TROPICAL STORM information?
Ensuring you are still under the influence of the storm…
Every 3 hours (or 1 hour only if possible)
State the information that must be contained within a Danger Message for WIND FORCE 10+ WITH NO PREVIOUS REPORT?
Same as a Tropical Storm…
1. Time & Date (UTC) of observation
2. Position of the ship
3. Information including:
- Pressure currently
- Pressure tendency
- Wind (force - Beaufort & True Speed)
- Wind (direction)
- Sea Conditions
- Swell
- Vessel’s course & speed
4. Statement of description if possible
State the information that must be contained within a Danger Message for SUB FREEZING AIR TEMPERATURES WITH GALE FORCE WINDS LEADING TO ICE ACCRETION?
- Time & Date (UTC) of observation
- Air Temperature
- Sea Temperature
- Wind Force & Direction
Which convention mandates Vessel Traffic Services (VTS)?
SOLAS Chapter V / Reg 12
What is the purpose of Vessel Traffic Services (VTS)?
Improve the safety of vessels and life at sea, as well as to improve the efficiency of navigation, reducing developments of unsafe situations and support protection of the marine environment.
What areas could a Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) monitor?
- Shore Areas
- Rivers
- Ports
- Work Sites
- Offshore Installations
What are the functions of Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) in order to achieve its purpose?
- Provide information of ship movements
- Monitor and manage ship traffic
- Respond to developing unsafe situations
