Sheep and Goat Repro

Question 1

What is flushing?

Answer 1

Increasing nutrient uptake by 20-30% 2-3 weeks before breeding (8 weeks prior for rams)

Question 2

When do small ruminants cycle?

Answer 2

Late summer/early fall (short day breeders)

Question 3

What is a suitable ram:ewe ratio for breeding?

Answer 3

2-4:100

Question 4

What is the most effective test for pregnancy?

Answer 4

Non-return to estrus in 16-17d

Question 5

When is about the earliest one can determine pregnancy by ultrasound?

Answer 5

20d

Question 6

When do ewes typically get pregnancy toxemia and what can be done to prevent it?

Answer 6

Ewes with twins, fatties, or thin ones

Increase calories and protein ~6wk before parturition, 1/4lb increase per week

Question 7

How is hydrometra treated?

Answer 7

pgf2alpha

Question 8

T/F: Rams with a larger scrotum tend to sire kids that reach puberty faster

Answer 8

True

Question 9

How long is the estrous cycle in sheep?

Answer 9

16-17d

Question 10

How long is gestation?

Answer 10

140-155d

Question 11

How long do each of the stages of parturition last?

Answer 11

Contractions - 2-8h
Abdominal press - 20min-2h
Lamb stands 30min, suckles 2h
Placenta expelled 2-4h

Question 12

When do sheep reach puberty?

Answer 12

5-15mo

Question 13

When should AI be performed in sheep?

Answer 13

18 - 24h after the start of estrus

Question 14

Nutrition should be increased by 50% during the last ___ of gestation

Answer 14

1/3

Question 15

Sheep reach peak milk production around ___ weeks, and it drops off by ___ weeks

Answer 15

2-3

8

Question 16

When should kids begin creep feeding?

Answer 16

ASAP

Question 17

What is a CIDR and how long is it used for?

Answer 17

Progesterone intra vaginal implant

12-14d

Question 18

T/F: Prostaglandins only work during the breeding season

Answer 18

True

Question 19

How can one induce superovulation and increase multiple births? (2)

Answer 19

PMSG 600 - 1,500 IU

HAP - 3d starting on cycle day 12

Question 20

How is parturition induced? (2)

Answer 20

Dexamethasone 15-18mg IM day 141-142

Estradiol 15mg IM day 141-142

Question 21

T/F: Prostaglandin may be used to induce parturition

Answer 21

False; not in sheep, but can induce abortion before day 60 (15mg pgf2a IM)

Question 22

T/F: cystic ovary is a common condition in ewes

Answer 22

False

Question 23

How long does a sheep take to return to heat after parturition?

Answer 23

2wk

Question 24

What are the big three causes of abortion in sheep?

Answer 24

Campylobacter fetus
Toxoplasma gondii
Chlamydia

Question 25

When should one intervene in a sheep dystocia?

Answer 25

1-1 1/2 hours into stage II if no progress made

Question 26

When does vaginal prolapse occur in sheep?

Answer 26

Late gestation

Question 27

What causes balanoposthitis (pizzle rot)?

Answer 27

High protein diets

Question 28

T/F: Goat estrous cycles are more strictly limited to fall than sheep?

Answer 28

True

Question 29

How long is the caprine cycle?

Answer 29

21d

Question 30

How long does estrus last in goats?

Answer 30

12-36h

Question 31

When should AI be performed on a goat?

Answer 31

12 AND 24h into estrus

Question 32

How long is goat gestation?

Answer 32

140-155d

Question 33

How is parturition induced in goats? (3)

Answer 33

Dexamethasone 15-18mg IM
Estradiol 15mg IM
Pgf2a