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Shaker Module 1 Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

The endocrine system is considered the

A

Regulatory system

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2
Q

The target organ for hormones are

A

tissue

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3
Q

Hormones can either be ______ or _______

A

Proteins or Steroids

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4
Q

Negative feedback means

A

decrease in secretion

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5
Q

Positive feedback means

A

increase in secretion

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6
Q

The pituitary gland is considered the _______ gland because….

A

master gland

hormones regulate the activity of other glands

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7
Q

Activity of the pituitary gland is regulated by the

A

Hypothalamus

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8
Q

The pituitary gland is located in the

A

sphenoid bone

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9
Q

How is the pituitary gland attached to the hypothalamus

A

By a stalk called the infundibulum

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10
Q

The two lobes in the pituitary gland are the

A

anterior and posterior

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11
Q

How many hormones are in the Anterior Pituitary gland and what are they

A

6

GH - Growth Hormone 
TSH - Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
ACTH - Adrenocorticotropic Hormone 
PRL - Prolactin 
FSH - Follicle Stimulating Hormone
LH - Luteinizing Hormone
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12
Q

The Luteinizing Hormone (LH) is also known as

A

interstitial cell stimulating hormone

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13
Q

How many hormones are in the Posterior Pituitary Gland and what are they

A

2

ADH - Antidiuretic Hormone
Oxytocin

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14
Q

The thyroid gland is located ..

A

in the neck just under the larynx

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15
Q

How many lobes does the thyroid have and what is it considered

A

2 (butterfly lobes)

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16
Q

How many hormones are in the thyroid gland and what are they

A

3

t4- Thyroxin
t3- Triiodothyronine
Calcitonin

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17
Q

The Parathyroid is described as ______ and is located ____

A

4 pea sized glands located on the back of the thyroid

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18
Q

How many hormones are in the Parathyroid Gland and what are they

A

1

PTH - Parathyroid Hormone

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19
Q

Describe the Adrenal glands and where it is located

A

Pyramid shaped glands located one on top of each kidney

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20
Q

What are the two parts of the Adrenal glands

A

Adrenal Medulla

Adrenal Cortex

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21
Q

How many hormones does the Adrenal Medulla have and what are they

A

1

Epinephrine

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22
Q

How many hormones are in the Adrenal Cortex and what are they

A

3
Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Sex Hormones

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23
Q

The sex hormones are ______ for males and ______ for females

A

Androgens for males

Estrogens for females

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24
Q

The pancreas along with being an endocrine gland is also a

A

Exocrine gland

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25
Q

The endocrine functions of the pancreas take place in

A

The islets of Langerhans

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26
Q

Alpha cells in the Pancreas make

A

glucagon

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27
Q

Beta cells in the Pancreas make

A

insulin

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28
Q

How many hormones are in the Pancreas and what are they

A

2

Glucagon
Insulin

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29
Q

Testes are located in the ______ and they produce

A

Scrotal sac and they produce testosterone

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30
Q

Interstitial cells produce

A

Testosterone

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31
Q

Ovaries are located in the ______ and they produce

A

pelvic cavity and they produce Estrogen and Progesterone

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32
Q

The Pineal gland is located in the

A

Brain

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33
Q

The brain is also called the

A

Diencephalon

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34
Q

The Pineal Glands function is very sensitive to

A

light conditions

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35
Q

How many hormones belong to the Pineal Gland and what are they

A

2

Melatonin
Serotonin

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36
Q

The thymus gland is located

A

in the neck inferior to the thyroid gland

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37
Q

The thymus gland is special for being the only gland that

A

shrinks with age

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38
Q

How many hormones does the thymus gland secrete and what are they

A

1

Thymosin

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39
Q

The kidney is located

A

dorsally in the Abdominopelvic cavity

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40
Q

How many hormones does the kidney produce and what are they

A

2

Renin
Erythropoietin

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41
Q

The Placenta is a _______ that secretes

A

Temporary secretory organ that secretes Estrogen and Progesterone which help maintain pregnancy

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42
Q

Prostaglandins are produced by

A

most tissues and exert local effects

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43
Q

Prostaglandins are involved in

A 
Inflammation
Pain
Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation
Reproduction 
Uterine Contractions 
Blood clotting
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44
Q

Growth hormone is secreted by the _________ helps

A

Anterior Pituitary Gland

Causes growth in height,

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45
Q

Which hormone is needed for tissue repair and stimulates protein synthesis

A

Growth hormone

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46
Q

Overproduction of growth hormone can cause

A

gigantism or Acromegaly

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47
Q

Underproduction of growth hormone can cause

48
Q

Target tissue for growth hormone is

A

Most body tissues

49
Q

Target for Thyroid Stimulating hormone is

A

Thyroid gland

50
Q

Effect of Thyroid Stimulating hormone is

A

secretion of thyroid hormones

51
Q

Target for Adrenocorticotropic hormone is

A

Adrenal Cortex

52
Q

Effect of Adrenocorticotropic hormone is

A

secretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex

53
Q

Target for Prolactin is

A

Mammary glands

54
Q

Effect of Prolactin is

A

Milk PRODUCTION postpartum

55
Q

Target for Follicle Stimulating hormone is

A

Ovaries/testes

56
Q

Effect of Follicle Stimulating hormone is

A

development of Ova / Sperm cells

57
Q

Target for Luteinizing hormone is

58
Q

Effect of Luteinizing Hormone is

59
Q

Target for LH (interstitial cell) is

60
Q

Effect of LH (interstitial cell) is

A

testosterone secretion

61
Q

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone is secreted by the

A

Anterior Pituitary Gland

62
Q

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone is secreted by the

A

Anterior Pituitary Gland

63
Q

Prolactin is secreted by the

A

Anterior Pituitary Gland

64
Q

Follicle Stimulating Hormone is secreted by the

A

Anterior Pituitary Gland

65
Q

Luteinizing Hormone is secreted by the

A

Anterior Pituitary Gland

66
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone is secreted by the

A

Posterior Pituitary Gland

67
Q

Target for Antidiuretic Hormone is

68
Q

Effect of Antidiuretic Hormone is

A

Reabsorption of water

69
Q

High concentration of Antidiuretic Hormone causes

A

vasoconstriction

70
Q

Hypo secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone causes

A

Diabetes insipidus

71
Q

Hyper Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone causes

72
Q

Oxytocin is secreted by

A

Posterior Pituitary Gland

73
Q

Target for Oxytocin is

A

Uterus and breasts

74
Q

Effect of Oxytocin is

A

uterine contractions and milk EJECTION

75
Q

Oxytocin is controlled by a ________

A

Positive feedback loop

76
Q

Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine is secreted by the

A

Thyroid Gland

77
Q

Effect of Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine

A

Regulate BMR

78
Q

What is necessary for making Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine

79
Q

Hypothyroidism can cause (3)

A

Cretinism
Goiter
Myxedema

80
Q

Hyperthyroidism can cause

A

Graves disease

81
Q

Calcitonin is secreted by the

A

Thyroid Gland

82
Q

Effect of Calcitonin

A

Decreases the resorption of Ca and P from the bone, decreasing blood calcium concentration

Increases activity of osteoblasts

83
Q

Parathyroid hormone is secreted by the

A

Parathyroid Gland

84
Q

Effect of Parathyroid hormone is

A

antagonist of Calcitonin
Increases absorption of Ca from food
Decreases Ca excretion by the kidneys

85
Q

Epinephrine is secreted by the

A

Adrenal Medulla

86
Q

Effect of Epinephrine

A 
Increases cardiac contractions 
Dilates the bronchi 
Decreases peristalsis 
Promotes conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver 
Increases the rate of cell respiration 
Increases use of fat for energy 
Vasodilation in skeletal muscles 
Vasoconstriction in skin and visceral organs
87
Q

Glucocorticoids are secreted by the

A

Adrenal Cortex

88
Q

Effect of Glucocorticoids

A

Secreted during times of stress
increases the use of fat and amino acids for energy
Anti-inflammatory

89
Q

Mineralocorticoids are secreted by

A

Adrenal Cortex

90
Q

Target of Mineralocorticoids

91
Q

Effect of Mineralocorticoids

A

Increases reabsorption of Na+

Promotes excretion of K+

92
Q

Mineralocorticoids are important for

A

Fluid, electrolyte, and pH balance

93
Q

Hypo secretion of Adrenal Cortex causes

A

Addisons disease

94
Q

Hyper secretion of Adrenal Cortex causes

A

Cushings syndrome

95
Q

Insulin facilitates

A

diffusion of glucose across the cell membrane

96
Q

Glucagon causes

A

Liver to convert glycogen to glucose

97
Q

Estrogen helps

A

Growth of endometrium

Secondary Sex characteristics

98
Q

Progesterone helps

A

growth of endometrium

99
Q

Melatonin is secreted by

A

Pineal Gland

100
Q

Effect of Melatonin is

A

stimulate onset of sleep

101
Q

Serotonin is secreted by

A

Pineal Gland

102
Q

Effect of Serotonin is

A

helps regulation of mood

103
Q

More Serotonin is produced when there is more

104
Q

Thymosin is secreted by the

A

Thymus Gland

105
Q

Effect of Thymosin

A

promotes proliferation and maturation of T lymphocytes

106
Q

Renin is secreted by

107
Q

Effect of Renin

A

produced in response to low B/P

Converts Angiotensin to Angiotensin 1

108
Q

Erythropoietin is secreted by the

109
Q

Effect of Erythropoietin

A

Produced in response to tissue hypoxia

110
Q

The two gonadotropic hormones are

111
Q

Cortisol and Aldosterone come from

A

Adrenal Cortex

112
Q

Effect of Cortisol

A

Anti-inflammatory, helps with physiological stress

113
Q

Sympathetic hormones are described as

A

Fight or Flight

114
Q

Glycogen is

A

Short term storage of glucose

115
Q

Thymosis helps

A

Mature T Lymphocytes

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