Module 5 excretory Flashcards
What organ makes uria
Liver
Uria is found in
Urine
The two main minerals in urine is
Salt and Water
The kidneys primary responsibility is to
get acid out
3 main functions of excretory system
Regulation of B/P
Stimulates Erythropoiesis
Activates Vitamin D
What are the four organs of the Urinary System
Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
The ____ kidney is usually lower than the ______ kidney
Right kidney
Left kidney
Kidneys are located in the
T12/L1
Blood vessels in the kidney enter and exit at the
Hilus
The kidneys are covered with
Renal Capsule
The Renal Capsule is a
Fibrous membrane
adipose tissue helps
anchor the kidney to the peritoneum and the abdominal wall
The outer layer of the internal structure of the kidney is made up of
Renal Corpuscles
The renal medulla of the internal structure is made up of
loop of henle and collecting tubules
Tubules form cone shaped structures called
Renal pyramids
Funnel shaped cavity that forms the upper part of the ureter is called the
Renal pyramid
The kidney recieves ______ of cardiac output
20-25% (5-6 liters)
The arterioles work with the _______
Nephrons
Venules in the kidney unite to form
Veins
Veins in the kidney merge to form the _____ which joins the
Renal vein
Inferior vena cava
The structural and functional unit of the kidney is called the
Nephron
Each kidney contains about ________ nephrons
1 million
Nephron is to Kidney as Alveolar is the
Lung
Nephron is made up of (2)
Tubular and Vascular structure
The 3 main functions of the Nephrons are
Filtration
Secretion
Reaborption
Movement of water and solutes from the glomerulus to Bowman’s capsule is called
Filtration
Additional waste products and unneeded electrolytes are moved from the bloodstream into the forming urine is called
Secretion
Water, electrolytes and additional needed materials are moved from the forming urine into the bloodstream is called
Reabsorption
The Renal corpuscle is made up of (2)
Glomerulus and Glomerular
The Bowmans capsule is also known as the
Glomerular
The glomerulus is a cluster of
Capillaries
This arteriole brings blood to the renal corpuscle and it branches
Afferent arteriole
The arteriole takes blood away from the renal corpuscle
Efferent arteriole
The afferent arteriole has a ______ than the efferent arteriole
wider diameter
The site of filtration is the
Renal corpuscle
The glomerulus is surrounded by the
Bowmans capsule
The first part of the renal tubules after the glomerular capsule is the
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
The site of the most Reabsorption is the
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
The loop of henle is responsible for the absorption of
K, Na, Cl
The beginning of reabsorption occurs in the
Loop of Henle
The site of aldosterone and tubular secretion is the
Distal Convoluted Tubule
Formed as water and solutes move between the vascular structure and the tubular structure of the nephron
Urine
Glomerular filtration is dependent on
B/P
Normal Glomerular filtration rate is about
125 ml/min or 180L/day
Normal Urine production is about ____
1-2 Liters per day
During Glomerular filtration approximately _____ of the filtrate gets reabsorbed
99%
Reabsorption takes place by (3)
Diffusion
Active transport
Osmosis
The single most important electrolyte that is involved in fluid balance and fluid distribution is
Na
Aldosterone helps
The secretion of K
Reabsorption of Na
Water follows the
Solvent
When B/P falls filtration is not effective and the kidneys secrete renin ________ is secreted
Aldosterone
The ureters are about ______ long
10-13 inches long
Connect the kidney with the urinary bladder
Ureter
The three layers that the ureter is made up of
Epithelium
Smooth muscle
Connective tissue
Urine drains by ______ while the ureters are capable of
Gravity
Peristalsis
Ureters open into the inferior part of the urinary bladder preventing
backflow of urine
When empty the Urinary bladder is located behind the
pubic symphysis below the parietal peritoneum
When full the urinary bladder
extends into the abdominal cavity
The outer layer of the Urinary bladder is the
Serosa
The mucosa is made up of
Mucous membrane
The submucosa is made up of
connective tissue and elastic fibers
The smooth muscle is called the
Detrusor muscle
Triangular area in the floor of the urinary bladder formed by the openings of the ureters and the urethra
Trigone
The urethra extends from
Urinary bladder to the Urinary meatus
In the male the Urethra is about _____ however in the female it is about _____
8 inches
1 inch
In the male the urethra is surrounded by
Prostate gland
Micturation is also known as
Urination
Stretching of the Detrusor muscle allows for
Urination
Most often the urge to urinate happens when there is ________ in the bladder
200ml
Urine usually has a pH of
6.0 (4.6-8.0)
the lower the specific gravity the more _______ the higher the more _____
Dilute = low Concentrated = high
A low specific gravity usually means
Fluid overload
