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Respiratory System Module 3 Flashcards

(118 cards)

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1
Q

Movement of air into and out of lungs is called

A

Respiration or Pulmonary Respiration

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2
Q

Describe Respiration (in terms of O2/CO2)

A

O2 is obtained from the environment and delivered to cells and CO2 is transported from the cells to the environment

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3
Q

Takes place in the lungs (Diffusion of O2 into the bloodstream from the air in the lungs and diffusion of CO2 out of the blood stream to the air in the lungs)

A

External exchange of gases / Point of Pulmonary Circulation

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4
Q

Takes place in the tissues (Diffusion of O2 into the cells from the blood stream and diffusion of CO2 out of the cells and into the bloodstream)

A

Internal exchange of gases / Point of Systemic Circulation

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5
Q

Structures located outside the thoracic cavity

A 
(Upper respiratory tract) 
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
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6
Q

Structures located inside the thoracic cavity

A

(Lower respiratory tract)
Bronchi
Lungs

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7
Q

Nasal cavities are separated by the

A

Septum

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8
Q

Nasal cavities are lined with

A

Mucous membrane

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9
Q

Nasal conchae …

A

increases surface area and helps warm and humidify air

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10
Q

What are the functions of the mucous membrane

A

Warms air
Humidifies air
Traps foreign particles
Olfactory receptors

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11
Q

The opening of the nasal cavities are called

A

Nares

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12
Q

The throat is considered the

A

Pharynx

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13
Q

The superior portion of the pharynx located posterior to the nasal cavities is called the

A

Naso-Pharynx

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14
Q

The eustachian tubes…

A

open into the naso-pharynx and equalize on both ear drums

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15
Q

The extension of the palate that closes the naso-pharynx during swallowing

A

Uvula

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16
Q

The middle portion of the pharynx, located posterior to the oral cavity contains the palatine and lingual tonsils

A

Oro-pharynx

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17
Q

The inferior portion of the pharynx that opens anteriorly to the larynx and posteriorly to the esophagus

A

Laryngeal pharynx (opens to two different tubes)

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18
Q

Separates oral cavity and nasal cavity

A

Palate

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19
Q

The voice box also called the

A

Larynx

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20
Q

Cartilaginous structure that closes the larynx during swallowing

A

Epiglottis (Top of glottis)

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21
Q

Vibrates when air moves past them producing sound

A

Vocal cords

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22
Q

The space between two tubes is called the

A

Glottis

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23
Q

Forms the bulk of the anterior wall of the larynx, and serves to protect the vocal folds (“vocal cords”), which are located directly behind it.

A

Thyroid cartilage

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24
Q

Open areas in some of the bones in our skull, lined with mucous membrane and empties into the nasal cavity

A

Sinuses

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25
Makes skull lighter, extra surface and are lined with mucous membrane, and adds quality to voice
Para-nasal sinus
26
Extends from the larynx to the upper part of the thoracic cavity. It is anterior to the esophagus. Has C-shaped cartilages to keep it open
Trachea
27
The trachea is Lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium that is (size)
4-5 inches long 1 inch in diameter
28
Each main stem bronchus enters a lung at the
Hilus
29
Describe the bronchi
Main stem bronchus divides into secondary bronchi which divide into BRONCHIOLES which keep subdividing an getting progressively smaller referred to as the BRONCHIAL TREE
30
Decreases heart rate
Vagus Nerve
31
Main stem bronchi is referred to as the
Main stem bronchi
32
Ends at the alveolus
Alveolar duct
33
Extends from the clavicles to the diaphragm
Lungs
34
Right lung has how many lobes
3
35
Left lung has how many lobes
2
36
Lung tissue is very
elastic
37
Gets two layers to stick together
Pleural fluid
38
The functional units of the the lungs are the
alveoli
39
Site of gas exchange
alveoli
40
Surrounds the alveolus to allow it to conduct gas exchange
pulmonary capillaries
41
Respiratory muscles and Compliance are dependants of
Ventilation
42
What are the phases of pulmonary venilation
Inhalation and Exhalation
43
The capacity of the lungs to expand and contract is called
Compliance
44
CPR is an example of
Positive pressure
45
Nerve that originates in the neck and passes down between the lung and heart to reach the diaphragm. It is important for breathing, as it passes motor information to the diaphragm and receives sensory information from it.
Phrenic nerve
46
Considered the active phase of breathing intercostals CONTRACT making thoracic cavity larger
Inhalation (Diaphragm moves up Rib cage moves down)
47
Considered the passive phase of breathing intercostals RELAX making thoracic cavity smaller
Exhalation
48
The force that holds liquids together
Surface tension
49
Force the makes the alveoli collapse
Elastic recoil
50
Cells in alveoli make... lowers surface tension and allows alveoli to expand
Surfactin
51
We give this to infants to help "first cry"
Surfactin
52
Air that we inhale is what percent oxygen
21
53
Air that we inhale is what percent CO2
0.04
54
Air that we exhale is what percent oxygen
16
55
Air that we exhale is what percent CO2
4.5
56
Every 4 liters of Oxygen adds how much O2 to room air
4
57
The movement of O2 and Co2 is called
Gas exchange
58
Happens at the level of the alveolar membrane and the pulmonary capillary membrane
External exchange
59
The alveolar membrane is moist allowing _____ to diffuse from the air in the alveoli into the bloodstream and ______ into the air in the alveoli (External exchange)
Oxygen . | Carbon Dioxide .
60
Happens at the level of the cells in body tissues and the capillary membrane
Internal exchange
61
_____ diffuses from the blood and ______ diffuses from the cells to the bloodstream (Internal exchange)
Oxygen . | Carbon Dioxide .
62
Almost all Oxygen is transported by
Hemoglobin
63
Oxygenated blood is ____ percent saturated with Oxygen
97
64
Deoxygenated blood is ____ percent saturated with Oxygen
70
65
Carbon dioxide is produced by
Cell respiration
66
Most CO2 is transported by blood as
bicarbonate ion
67
Carbon dioxide is the ____ in the blood gases
acid
68
Respiratory arrest is also considered
hypoventilation
69
Causes gain in CO2 causing blood to become acidic
Hypoventilation
70
Arterial blood gas norm for Pa O2
80-100 mm Hg
71
Arterial blood gas norm for Pa CO2
35-45 mm Hg
72
Aterial blood gas norm for pH
7.35-7.45
73
Arterial blood gas norm for Sp O2
96-100%
74
We breathe on a
Hypercapnic drive
75
Losing CO2 and deep fast breathing caused
Hyperventilation
76
Less carbon dioxide in the blood will cause it to become
alkalinic
77
Which organ is a major factor in buffer
Kidney
78
Normal breathing is called
Eupnea
79
The nervous control center that controls the rate and depth of breathing
Medulla Oblongata
80
High carbon dioxide level
Hypercapnea
81
Higher level of carbon dioxide in the blood will trigger
A breathe
82
The volume of air that moves into and out of the lungs during eupnea and its norm
Tidal Volume (500 ml)
83
The volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximal exhalation and its norm
Residual Volume (1200 ml)
84
Air you inhale forcefully is considered
Inspiratory reserve
85
Air you exhale forcefully is considered
Expiratory reserve
86
When the lungs lose elastic recoil blood will gain
CO2
87
Rapid respiration is considered
Tachycardia
88
Period of absence of breathing
Apnea
89
Dyspnea relieved by changing position
Orthopnea
90
Collapse of lung, losing area for gas exchange
Atelectasis
91
Pnuemothorax
Stab wound need for chest tube
92
Helps air get out without air getting in
Pluerovac
93
Low respiratory rate causes
Gained CO2
94
Rate of when you lose your breathe "as soon as you wake" vs "walk to the bathroom"
Dyspnea inexerhtion
95
Need for a mask that uses positive pressure in individuals with
Sleep Apnea
96
Normal effects of aging on Respiratory system
Loss of lung compliance Diminished elastic recoil Decreased respiratory muscle
97
breathing refers to using a specific device to regulate the way that a person breathes. This is typically done when certain medical conditions cause difficulties. Air is pushed through a facial mask or an airway pressure system, and the air and gases within the lungs are then balanced and the breathing can return to normal. This type of breathing can help to eliminate life-threatening situations that can arise when there is not enough pressure in the lungs.
Positive pressure breathing
98
Caused in humans by the contraction of the diaphragm, and the relaxation of intercostal muscles, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity, which the lungs expand to fill. However, there is still the same amount of air in the lungs, albeit filling a larger volume, so it is at a lower pressure than initially, when it was equal to ambient air pressure. As long as the airway is secured, air "flows" into the lungs along the pressure gradient, filling the lungs with air. This is negative pressure breathing. Amphibians force air into their legs by a process known as buccal pumping, literally forcing air into their lungs, against the pressure gradient. This system is inefficient, but they can also "breathe" across their skin.
Negative pressure breathing
99
Larynx is made up of
Cardiac Muscle and Cartilage
100
Larger airways have _____ to keep them open
cartilage
101
Alveoli is to Lungs as Capillary is to
Blood vessel
102
Pulmonary artery sends _________ blood to the heart
Deoxygenated
103
Oxygenated blood goes into
Bloodstream
104
Phrenic Nerve provides _______ and is a branch of the _______
Stimulation | Vagus Nerve
105
Pulmonary Ventilation is more a ______ / _______
inhale | exhale
106
INTERNAL GAS EXCHANGE occurs in
Bloodstream to cells
107
Kidney produces ______ if O2 is low
Erythropoietin
108
Air goes from the nares into the
Nasal Cavity
109
Air goes from Nasal Cavity into the
Naso Pharynx
110
Air goes from the Nasopharynx into
Oropharynx
111
Air goes from Oropharynx into
Laryngeal Pharynx
112
Air goes from Laryngeal Pharynx through the ______ into the ______
Glottis | Trachea
113
Air goes from the Trachea into the
Bronchi
114
Air goes from the Bronchioles into the
Secondary Bronchi
115
Air goes from Secondary Bronchi into
Tertiary Bronchi
116
Air goes from Tertiary Bronchi into
Alveolar Ducts
117
During inhalation Diaphragm goes
Flat and Moves down (contracts)
118
During exhalation Diaphragm goes
Dome shaped and Moves up (Relaxation)

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