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Human Bio > SG 11: Chap 17 & 18 Reproductive System > Flashcards

SG 11: Chap 17 & 18 Reproductive System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Be able to explain all the stages of the human life cycle

A

pre-embryonic: beings with fertilization- 2nd week
embryonic: 3 weeks - 8 weeks
fetal: embryo week 9 - birth
postnatal period: growth and development after birth
Infancy, childhood, adolescence and adulthood

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2
Q

What is a gamete? How many chromosomes are found in a human gamete?

A

sex cells, a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote. there are 23

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3
Q

What is a Zygote? How many chromosomes are found in a human zygote?

A

a zygote is a fertilized ovum. an ovum is when the oocyte undergoes its second meiotic division. it has 46 chromosomes. 23 from each parent resulting in a diploid cell.

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4
Q

What is meiosis?

A

a type of cell division that results in four haploid daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes.

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5
Q

How many cells result at the end of meiosis?

A

4 haploid daughter cells.

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6
Q

How many chromosomes do they have during meiosis?

A

23

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7
Q

What is the purpose of doing meiosis?

A

keeps the num of chromosomes constant from generation to generation and increases variability in the population

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8
Q

How many chromosomes does a somatic cell have?

A

46

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9
Q

How many chromosomes does a gamete have?

A

23

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10
Q

What is a gonad?

A

are the reproductive organs. testes or ovaries

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11
Q

What are the main differences between oogenesis and spermatogenesis, regarding the period of life in which they occur and the number of functional gametes they produce?

A

spermatogenesis: the development of sperm in 2 months in testes
oogenesis: development of eggs occur before a woman’s birth and remain their immature state until she reaches puberty. 400-500 eggs will ever mature. one egg is released every month after that.

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12
Q

What is a polar body?

A

once the primary oocytes divides, it forms two cells

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13
Q

What is mitosis?

A

a

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14
Q

How many cells result at the end of mitosis?

A

a

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15
Q

How many chromosomes do they have during mitosis?

A

a

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16
Q

What is the purpose of doing mitosis?

A

a

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17
Q

Be able to describe and give the function of the ovary in female

A

a

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18
Q

Be able to describe and give the function of the oocyte in female

A

a

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19
Q

Be able to describe and give the function of the ovum in female

A

a

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20
Q

Be able to describe and give the function of the oviduct in female

A

a

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21
Q

Be able to describe and give the function of the Fallopian tube in female

A

a

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22
Q

Be able to describe and give the function of the uterus in female

A

a

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23
Q

Be able to describe and give the function of the cervix in female

A

a

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24
Q

Be able to describe and give the function of the vagina in female

A

a

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25
Q

Be able to describe and give the function of the vulva in female

A

a

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26
Q

Be able to describe and give the function of the clitoris in female

A

a

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27
Q

Be able to describe and give the function of the endometrium in female

A

a

28
Q

What is the menstrual cycle? How long does it last?

A

a

29
Q

Be familiar with the ovarian cycle

A

a

30
Q

meaning of the corpus luteum

A

a

31
Q

meaning of the follicle

A

a

32
Q

meaning of the menses.

A

a

33
Q

meaning of the menarche.

A

a

34
Q

meaning of the ovulation

A

a

35
Q

Be able to explain the action of pituitary and ovarian hormones at different stages of the menstrual cycle

A

a

36
Q

Be able to explain the development of the follicle along the menstrual cycle.

A

a

37
Q

Be able to explain the uterine cycle. How does the endometrium change along it?

A

a

38
Q

Be able to explain what days of the menstrual cycle a woman is more likely to conceive and why.

A

a

39
Q

describe the symptoms associated with erectile dysfunction

A

a

40
Q

describe the symptoms associated with endometriosis

A

a

41
Q

describe the symptoms associated with fibroids

A

a

42
Q

describe the symptoms associated with PMS

A

a

43
Q

explain the following term: fertilization

.

A

a

44
Q

explain the following term: implantation

A

a

45
Q

explain the following term: zona pellucida

A

a

46
Q

explain the following term: cleavage

A

a

47
Q

What is Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)? What structure produces it?

A

a

48
Q

What are the four embryonic membranes and what are their functions?

A

a

49
Q

What two structures form the placenta?

A

a

50
Q

What are the

functions of the placenta?

A

a

51
Q

What is the placenta?

A

a

52
Q

What are stem cells? What are their main characteristics?

A

a

53
Q

How can stem cells possibly be used in treatment of disease?

A

a

54
Q

How do chromosomes determine sex?

A

a

55
Q

What are the differences between monozygotic and dizygotic twins?

A

a

56
Q

How are monozygotic and dizygotic twins produced?

A

a

57
Q

What are the risks associated with multiple pregnancies?

A

a

58
Q

What is the difference between a fetus and an embryo?

A

a

59
Q

What are the main differences between a virus and a bacteria?

A

a

60
Q

Know examples of diseases caused by virus and by bacteria.

A

a

61
Q

What are the function of the kidney and the liver?

A

a

62
Q

what does Renal mean?

A

a

63
Q

what does hepatic mean?

A

a

64
Q

what does gastric mean?

A

a

65
Q

what does pulmonary mean?

A

a

Human Bio (11 decks)

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