Sezuires

Question 0

Generalised sezuire

Answer 0

Involves both hemisoheres

Widespread synchronisation

Question 1

Sezuires

Answer 1

Brief loss of conciousness
Perception of odours
Confusion
Bizare behaviours

Question 2

Types of generalised sezuires

Answer 2

Absence     
Atonic drop
Clonic
Myclonic
Generalised tonic clonic

Question 3

Absence sezuire

Answer 3

Petit mal

Brief lapse of conciousness

Question 4

Atonic drop

Answer 4

Gen
Sudden loss of posture
Brief invol muscle twitch

Question 5

Clonic

Answer 5

Repetitive jerking, 1 min

Question 6

Myoclonic

Answer 6

Single rapid twitch event

Question 7

Generalised tonic clonic

Answer 7

Grand mal
Immediate deep loss of conciousness
Tonic phase of rigid muscle contraction
Clonic phase of violent jerking 
As a consequence of focal sezuire spreading

Question 8

Focal sezuire

Answer 8

Localised synchronisation in a sezuire focus
Symptoms reflect brain area they occur in
Can become generalised

Question 9

Symptoms of focal sezuires

Answer 9

Deja vu
Temporal lobe epilepsy
Focal motor sezuires
Vulnerable brain areas=temporal lobe and motor cortex

Question 10

Jacksonian sezuire

Answer 10

Starts in fingers, travels up arm, frontal lobe epilepsy

Question 11

Causes of epilepsy

Answer 11

High fever
Head injury
Stroke
Tumour
Alcohol withdrawl
Genetic abnormalisties
Development abnorm
Chronic illness

Usually due to imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neuronal activity

Question 12

What can make absence epilepsies worse?

Answer 12

Gabaa drugs

Increase synchronisation of t type ca channels in bs

Question 13

Whats the general treatment for partial sezuires

Answer 13

Gaba a levels/r or na channel drugs

Decrease excitation increase inhibition

Question 14

Sodium channel inaxtivator

Answer 14

Partial sezuire treatment
Stabilises inactivated state of vg sodium channels
Reduces sustained firing of neurones
Significant side effects

Question 15

Phenytoin

Answer 15

Sodium channel inactivator

Partial sezuire treatment

Question 16

Carbamazepine

Answer 16

Sodium channel inactivator

Partial sezuire treatment

Question 17

Oxcarbazepine

Answer 17

Sodium channel inactivator

Partial sezuire treatment

Question 18

Iamotrigine

Answer 18

Sodium channel inactivator

Partial sezuire treatment

Question 19

Topiramate

Answer 19

Sodium channel inactivator

Partial sezuire treatment

Question 20

Felbamate

Answer 20

Sodium channel inactivator

Partial sezuire treatment

Question 21

Gaba a enhancers

Answer 21

Benzos , channel open for longer, engog gaba

Phenobarbital, does not need endog gaba, limited use except in status epilepticus and refractory epilepsy

Produce tollerance, sedation, confusion and dependence

Question 22

Diazepam

Answer 22

Benzo

Question 23

Vigabatrin

Answer 23

Phenobarbital

Inhibit breakdown of gaba by gaba tansaminase

Question 24

Tiagabine

Answer 24

Inhibits gaba uptake by gaba transporter

Question 25

Gabapentin and pregabalin

Answer 25

Bind to gabars
Decrease gaba uptake
Increase gaba release
Increase gaba synthesis

Question 26

Zonisamide

Answer 26

Partial sezuires

Gabaa rs inhibit reuptake

Question 27

Levitiracetam

Answer 27

Cyclic gaba derivative
Unknown mech
Bind vesicle protein sva2? Inhibiting exocytosis

Bind to calcium channel to decrease neurotransmission?

Question 28

Generalised sezuire treatment

Answer 28

Calcium channel blocking

Question 29

Ethosuximide

Answer 29

Blocks t type ca channels that cause synchronisation in absence sezuires