Anxiety

Question 0

Role of the amygdala

Answer 0

Key to sensing fear, may also be key for producing empathy to others peoples fear.

Question 1

What is anxiety?

Answer 1

Hypervigilance, physiological preparedness and negative subjective states and may share some critical neural circuits with fear.

State of preparation for danger in the absence of immediate threat.

Question 2

What is CRF?

Answer 2

Corticotrophin releasing factor
Acts on GRF1 and 2 GPCR
Released in central nucleus of the amygdala to produce fear
Releases glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex (supressed inflamation heightens arousal)
-CRF receptor antagonists may have treatment potential for anxiety.

Question 3

What does bed nucleus stria terminalis do?

Answer 3

Responds to general stimuli
Part of anxiety circuit
Larger in females
Releases CRF

Question 4

Types of anxiety disorders

Answer 4

Ptsd
Panic disorder
Generalised anxiety disorder
Simple ohobias
Social phobia
Ocd

Question 5

Role of beta adrenergic receptor activation in emotion enhanced memories.

Answer 5

Activation leads to memory with associated fear. Block with propanolol in a&e

Question 6

What is PTSD?

Answer 6

Hypervigilance, sleep distubance, nightmares cue induced reexperience, cues can be over generalised.

Question 7

Treatment for PTSD?

Answer 7

CBT
SNRI antidepressants VENLAFAXINE and DULOXETINE
Propanolol, maintain memory without fear?
Mdma with cbt, postivie feeling recalling negative events

Question 8

What is generLised anxiety disorder?

Answer 8

Unrealistic excessive worry for more than 6 months accompained by specific anxiety related symptoms, motor tension, hypervigilance, sympathetic hyperactivity

Question 9

Treatment for generalised anxiety disorder?

Answer 9

Antidepressants ssris snris and benzodiazepine

Benzos produce anterograde amnesia :(

Question 10

What is panic disorder?

Answer 10

Discrete attacks of intense anxiety accompanied by tachycardia, tachpynea and dizziness.

Question 11

Treatment for panic disorder

Answer 11

Antidepressants snris and benzos with cbt
Alprazolam
Clonazepam

Question 12

Benzos

Answer 12

Benzos bind to alpha and increase gaba’s affinity for beta, its hard to overdose on them but dont take with alcohol as this increases endogenous gaba

Question 13

Beta gabaa subunit

Answer 13

Gaba binds to beta, gamma is also required

Question 14

B-carboline

Answer 14

Binds alpha gabaa

Its an inverse agonist (pam) produces opposite effects to benzos,

Question 15

Zolipidem

Answer 15

Bind alpha, but structurally distinct to benzos.

Question 16

Delta gabaa subunit

Answer 16

Alcohol interacts with it????

Question 17

Gaba a convulsant site

Answer 17

Binds picrotoxin and pentylentetrazol

Question 18

Barbituates bind to….

Answer 18

Near chloride channel
Increase frequency and duration of channel opening,
can act independently of gaba

Question 19

Neurosteroid site on gabaa

Answer 19

Binds endogenous preganolone (sedative) released during pregnancy

Question 20

Symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder

Answer 20

Obsessive, intrusive throughts and ritualised behaviours
Reduce anxiety but impair normal functions
Anxiety drives compulsion but sufferes show impaired impulse control

Question 21

Neurocircuitry of ocd

Answer 21

• similar to tourettes syndrome (abnormal striatal thalamic prefrontal cortex function)
• related to impaired impulse control and anxiety

Question 22

Treatment for ocd

Answer 22

Cbt
Snris and clomipramine
Higher doses than for depression
Nicotine patches? Increases pfc activity