Sexually-transmitted Infections Flashcards
What is the most common STI?
Chlamydia
How is chlamydia transmitted?
Vaginal
Anal
Oral
In what age group is the highest incidence of chlamydia?
20-24 year olds
How does chlamydia typically present in a female?
Bleeding
Lower abdo pain
Dyspareunia
Mucopurulent cervicitis
How does chlamydia typically present in a male?
Urethral discharge
Dysuria
Urethritis
What is the treatment for chlamydia?
Azithromycin
Doxycycline used increasingly due to resistance
What kind of organism is N. gonnorrhoea?
Gram negative intracellular diplococcus
How does gonnorrhoea typically present in males?
Urethral discharge
Dysuria
Pharyngeal/rectal infections mostly asymptomatic
How does gonorrhoea typically present in a female?
Dysuria
Pelvic pain
Vaginal discharge
Asymptomatic in up to 50%
Is gonorrhoea sensitive to culture?
Yes
Can also do microscopy or NAAT
What is the treatment for gonorrhoea?
Ceftriaxone IM
Azithromycin (prevent chlamydia)
If ceftriaxone is contraindicated, what is the 2nd line treatment for gonorrhoea?
Cefixime
How long does genital herpes usually last?
14-21 days following incubation of 3-6 days
How does genital herpes typically present?
Blistering/ulceration Pain Extreme dysuria Discharge Lymphadenopathy Fever
Is it more common to get genital herpes via HSV1 or HSV2?
HSV2
How is genital herpes treated?
Aciclovir
Topical lidocaine if painful
Saline bathing
Viral shedding for HSV1 is higher than HSV2. True/False?
False
HSV2 viral shedding higher than HSV1
What is the most common viral STI in the UK?
HPV (causing genital warts)
What is the incubation period of HPV?
3 weeks to 9 months
Which strain of HPV is the most common cause of warts?
6 and 11
How are genital warts caused by HPV treated?
Podophyllotoxin (Warticon)
Imiquimod
Cryotherapy
Electrocautery
Which organism causes syphillis?
Treponema pallidum
What are the main modes of transmission of syphilis?
Sexual contact
Trans-placental
Blood transfusion
What are the 5 stages of syphilis?
Primary Secondary Early latent Late latent Tertiary
What are the features of primary syphilis?
Chancre
Lesions at site of innocculation
Non-tender lymphadenopathy
What are the features of secondary syphilis?
Maculopapular rash Palms and soles affected Generalised lymphadenopathy Alopecia Condylomata lata
What are the 2 groups of tests that are down to diagnose syphilis?
Microscopy + PCR to detect organism
Serological testing
What are the non-specific serological tests for syphilis?
VDRL
RPR
What are the specific serological tests for syphilis?
TPPA
ELISA
FT antibody absorption
INNO-LIA
How is syphilis treated?
Penicillin injections