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3MB Reproduction (My version) > Breast Pathology > Flashcards

Breast Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

List the different methods of obtaining breast histopathology specimens

A 
Needle core biopsy
Fine needle aspiration
Vacuum-assisted biopsy
Skin biopsy
Incisional biopsy of mass
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2
Q

What types of therapeutic excision can be done for breast pathology?

A

Excisional biopsy of mass
Wide local excision of cancer
Mastectomy

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3
Q

What is gynaecomastia?

A

Breast development in the male with ductal growth without lobular development

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4
Q

List some causes of gynaecomastia

A

Exogenous/endogenous hormones
Cannabis
Drugs (furosemide)
Liver disease

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5
Q

Fibrocystic change is non-neoplastic and typically affects women of what ages?

A

Aged 20-50, majority are 40-50

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6
Q

List the clinical features of fibrocystic change of the breasts

A

Menstrual disturbance
Smooth, discrete lump
Sudden/cyclical pain

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7
Q

Fibrocystic change of the breasts is associated with late menarche and late menopause. True/False?

A

False

Early menarche, late menopause

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8
Q

Describe the pathological appearance of fibrocystic change of the breasts

A

Blue-domed cysts with pale fluid

Thin-walled but may be fibrous

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9
Q

How is fibrocystic change managed?

A

Reassurance

Excision if necessary/symptomatic

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10
Q

What is a hamartoma?

A

Circumscribed lesion consisting of normal breast tissue but present in abnormal proportion or distribution

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11
Q

A fibroadenoma is a common benign lesion of the breasts - list some clinical features

A

Painless
Discrete, mobile mass
Peak incidence in 30’s

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12
Q

Describe the pathological appearance of fibroadenoma of the breasts

A

Circumscribed
Rubbery
Grey-white colour
Biphasic - consists of epithelium and stroma

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13
Q

How is fibroadenoma of the breasts managed?

A

Reassurance

Excision if necessary

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14
Q

What is sclerosing adenosis?

A

Benign, disordered proliferation of acini and stroma that can cause a mass or calcification

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15
Q

Describe the pathological appearance of a radial scar

A

Stellate architecture

Central puckering

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16
Q

Sclerosing adenosis and radial scars may mimic carcinoma. True/False?

A

True

17
Q

List some common causes of fat necrosis of the breasts

A 
Local trauma (seatbelt injury)
Warfarin
18
Q

What is duct ectasia of the breast?

A

Lactiferous duct becomes blocked/clogged

19
Q

List clinical features of duct ectasia

A

Pain
Bloody/purulent discharge
Fistulation
Nipple retraction/distortion

20
Q

What are the 2 main aetiologies that cause acute mastitis?

A 
Duct ectasia
Lactatory infection (Staph aureus, Step pyogenes)
21
Q

What is a Phyllodes tumour?

A

Slow-growing unilateral benign breast mass

22
Q

List the main metastatic tumours to the breast

A 
Bronchial carcinoma
Ovarian serous carcinoma
Clear cell carcinoma of kidney
Malignant melanoma
Leiomyosarcoma
23
Q

Where does breast carcinoma arise?

A

Glandular epithelium of terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU)

24
Q

What type of carcinoma is breast carcinoma?

A

Adenocarcinoma

25
Q

List the precursor lesions that can give rise to breast carcinoma

A 
Epithelial hyperplasia
Columnar cell hyperplasia
Atypical ductal hyperplasia
Ductal carcinoma in situ
Lobular in situ neoplasia
26
Q

How is in situ carcinoma of the breast defined?

A

Confined to basement membrane of acini and ducts, i.e. non/pre -invasive

27
Q

What are the 2 subtypes of lobular in situ neoplasia and how are they defined?

A

Atypical lobular hyperplasia (less than 50% of lobule affected)
Lobular carcinoma in situ (more than 50% of lobule affected)

28
Q

Lobular in situ neoplasia is palpable. True/False?

A

False

Not palpable or grossly visible

29
Q

Which disease is essentially high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ involving the nipple skin?

A

Paget’s disease

30
Q

What is the peak age range of incidence of breast carcinoma?

A

50-70’s

31
Q

List risk factors for breast carcinoma

A 
Age
Abnormal reproductive history
Hormone therapy (OCP, HRT)
Previous breast disease
Poor lifestyle
Genetics
32
Q

NSAIDs lower the risk of breast carcinoma. True/False?

A

True

33
Q

An affected first-degree relative increases the risk of breast cancer by how much?

A

Doubles the risk

34
Q

What 2 factors/receptors help predict and offer prognosis for breast carcinoma?

A 
HER2
Oestrogen receptor (ER)

3MB Reproduction (My version) (32 decks)

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