Pelvic Masses Flashcards
What is the commonest pelvic mass in females?
Fibroids (leiomyomas)
List clinical features of uterine fibroids
Asymptomatic
Menorrhagia
Pelvic mass
Pain/tenderness
Which investigations are appropriate if uterine fibroids are suspected?
Hb levels if heavy bleeding
Ultrasound usually diagnostic (smooth mass)
MRI for further localisation
What is the treatment for uterine fibroids?
Nothing if asymptomatic
Hysterectomy if family complete
Myomectomy
Uterine artery embolisation
List some causes of fallopian tube swellings
Ectopic pregnancy
Hydrosalpinx
Pyosalpinx
Paratubal cysts
What is endometriosis?
Endometrial tissue in the wrong place (outwith uterus)
What is the typical appearance of endometriosis on the ovary on ultrasound? (buzzword)
Endometriomas/”chocolate cysts”
List clinical features of endometriosis
Severe dysmenorrhoea
Premenstrual pain
Dyspareunia
List the main primary ovarian tumours that arise from surface epithelium
Serous Mucinous Endometrioid Clear cell Brenner
List the main primary ovarian tumours that arise from germ cells
Teratoma
Yolk sac tumour
Malignant germ cell tumour
What is the commonest benign ovarian tumour?
Dermoid cyst (teratoma)
What markers may be produced by malignant germ cell tumours?
HCG
AFP
What can be some weird features of teratoma and why?
Teeth or hair growing where it shouldn’t
These are germ cell tumours derived from pleuripotent cells that can differentiate into anything
What tumour markers should be investigated for if there is suspected ovarian cancer?
Ca 125
Carinoembryonic antigen
Normal levels of Ca 125 exclude ovarian cancer. True/False?
False
