Sexuality and STI’s Concept 22 & Chapter 52 Flashcards
Sexuality
Meaning the action or fact of being sexual, and sexual feelings which then transformed into sexual identity and sexual orientation.
Sex
One of four primary drives that also include thirst, hunger, and avoidance of pain
Sexuality acts
Occurs when behaviors include genitalia and erogenous zones
Sexual identity
Whether one is a male or female based on biological sexual characteristics
Gender identity
How one views ones gender as masculine or feminine, socially derived from experience with the family, friends, an society
Sexual orientation
How one views ones self in terms of being emotionally, romantically, sexually, and affectionately to an individual of a particular gender
Sexual heavier
How one responds to sexual impulses and desires
Highest risk for STI
Adolescents, intellectual and developmental disabilities, newly unpartnered, and LGBT communities
Female examination
Pelvic exams are very uncomfortable and vulnerable for the patients.
First one should occur at brith and should confirm the sex of the patient
Puberty and beyond is when the gynecologist exams begin
Clinical management
Reducing STI’s and prevention
Primary: Teach people how to improve and prevent illness, patient counseling, and referrals, vaccinations
Secondary: screening for STI’s, and intimate partner violence
Tertiary: collaborative interventions
Collaborative interventions (already happened)
Pharmacotherapy: Antibiotics, Hormone replacement therapy, Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors
Surgical procedures: hysterectomy, penile implant surgery, minor procedures
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Reproduction
Are highly interrelated to sexuality. Puberty, contraception, STI’s, safer sex practices, fertility, and infertility
Sexual response
Motivation, arousal, genital congestion, orgasm, and resolution
STI’s
Are infectious diseases that are spread through sexual contact with the penic, vagina, anus, mouth, or sexual fluids of an infected person. Must UCLA tissues in the genitals, rectum, and mouth are especially susceptible to the bacteria and viruses that cause STI’s.
Bacterial infections
Chlamydial, gonorrhea, syphilis
Viral infections
Genial herpes, genetically warts, HIV, AIDS, Hep B and C, molluscum
Parasitic/protozoan infection
Trichomoniasis
High risk populations
Women, men who have sex with men, adolescents and young adults, victims of sexual assault
High risk behaviors
Having new or multiple sexual partners, having more than one sexual partner, having sexual partners who have had others, sharing needles, alcohol or drug dependence or abuse, inconsistency or incurrent use of condoms or other barrier methods
High risk medical history
Not being vaccinated, having one STI is a risk factor for getting another
Incidence of STIs
African Americans represent 52% of cases of chlamydia and 47% of cases of syphilis, 39% herpes, 69% of gonococcal cases
Factors influencing African American disparities
Social and economic disparities, fear and distrust
Chlamydia infections
Most common STI in the US
Caused by gram-negative bacterium and intracellular pathogen. Exposure through exposure to sexual fluids during vaginal, anal or oral sex. Ejaculation does not have to occur for this infection to be transmitted
Treated by doxycycline (vibramycin) for 7 days
Urethritis
Caused by chlamydia and is an infection in the males urethra
Cervicitis
Infection in the fable cervix due to chlamydia
Gonococcal infections
Approx 800,000 infections per year
Caused by a gram-negative bacterial. Can be transmitted by exposure to sexual fluids. Men in urethra and women in the cervix usually.
Clinical manifestations of gonococcal
Women are usually asymtomatic, pain in joints, lethargic, has vaginal discharge after sex, vaginal bleeding, dysuria, and redness and swelling can occur
Gonococcal conjunctivitis
Causes babies to go blind
Trichomoniasis
Caused by a Protozoan (worm). One of the most common in the world. More common among women
Causes bleeding after sex, painful urination
Genital herpes infection
Lifelong and incurable infection
HSV1 (waist up) cold sores
HSV2 (waist down) genital and leads to genital warts
Primary episode of herpes
Incubation stage of 2 days to 2 weeks
Predromal stage
The period before lesions appear, burning, itching, or tingling on site of inoculation
Vesicular stage herpes
Multiple small and painful vesicles appear of buttock, inner thigh, penis, scrotum, etc.
Ulcerative stage herpes
Lesions rupture and form shallow, moist ulceration
Final stage of herpes
Spontaneous crusting and epithelialization of the erosions occur
Drug therapy for genital herpes
Recurrent and Primary and suppressive: Acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famiciclover.
Sever infection: acyclovir IV until clinical improvement, followed by oral antiviral therapy
Syphilis
The great pretender because It can mimic a number of other diseases
Primary syphilis
Infectivity: highly infectious
Single or multiple chancres of penis, vulva, etc. 10-90 days after inoculation
Drainage of microorganisms into the lymph nodes
3-6 weeks long
Secondary syphilis
Flu like symptoms Mucous patches in mouth, tongue or cervix Rash Anogenital condylomata 1-2 years
Latent syphilis
Noninfectious
Absence of signs or symptoms
Throughout life
Late syphilis
Noninfectious
1-20 years after initial infection
Gummas (lesions affecting any organ of body)
Cardiovascular: aneurysms, heart valve insufficiency, heart failure, aortitis
Neurosyphilis: can occur at any stage of syphilis
General paresis: personality changes from minor to psychotic, tremors, physical and mental deterioration
Tabes dorsalis (damaged joints
Nursing diagnosis for STIs
Risk for infection related to lack of knowledge about modes of STI transmission, failure to practice, safer sex, and engaging in other high-risk behaviors
Anxiety
Ineffective health maintenance
Lack of support
Highest risk for HIV infection
Client who shares the same equipment to snort or smoke drugs
Admitted after general paresis develops a complication of syphilis. Should be treated with
Penicillin therapy
