Intrapartum Fetal Surveillance, Postpartum Adaptations, Newborn Feeding Ch. 17, 20, 23

Question 1

Fetal oxygenation

Answer 1

Normal maternal blood flow, normal SO2, adequate exchange of any gender and CO2, an open circulatory path between the placenta and fetus, normal fetal circulatory and oxygen carrying functions

Question 2

Uteroplacental exchange

Answer 2

Oxygen rich and nutrient rich blood from the mother enter the intervillous spaces of the placenta through the spiral arteries
During each contraction It stops the maternal blood flow making the baby use their supplied oxygen

Question 3

Fetal circulation

Answer 3

Heart circulates oxygenated blood from placenta and It circulates throughout the body and returns deoxygenated blood through placenta

Question 4

Fetal heart regulation

Answer 4

Factors:
Autonomic system
Baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, adrenal glands, central nervous system

Question 5

Autonomic system

Answer 5

Sympathetic (increases HR and strengthens myocardial contractions through release of epinephrine and norepinephrine) and parasympathetic (stimulated vagus nerve reducing FHR and decrease BP)

Question 6

Baroreceptors

Answer 6

Cells in the carotid artery and major arteries respond to stretching when the fetal BP increases. Stimulate vagus nerve to slow FHR and decrease BP

Question 7

Chemoreceptors

Answer 7

Respond to oxygen changes, CO2, and pH

Found in the medulla obligate and aortic and carotid. Arteries.

Question 8

Adrenal glands

Answer 8

Adrenal education secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine in response to stress, causing a response from the sympathetic nervous system that accelerates FHR
Release of aldosterone and retention of sodium and water

Question 9

Central nervous system

Answer 9

The fetal cerebral cortex causes the heart rate to increase during fetal movement and to decrease when the fetus sleeps . The hypothalamus coordinates the two branches of the ANS.

Question 10

Maternal cardiopulmonary alterations

Answer 10

Actual or relative reductions in the mothers circulating blood volume reduce perfusion of the intervillious spaces with oxygenated maternal blood.
Maternal hypertension may reduce blood flow to the placenta because of vasospasm and narrowing of the spiral arteries

Question 11

Uterine activity

Answer 11

Hypertonic contractions that are too long or too frequent will not allow optimal uterineplacental exchange

Question 12

Placental disruptions

Answer 12

Abruptio placentae (separation of placenta before birth 
Infarcts (necrosis of some placenta tissue

Question 13

Nuchal cord

Answer 13

Umbilical cord around neck

Question 14

Fetal alterations

Answer 14

Fetal tissues may be hypoxic even though there is an adequate fetal oxygen supple.

Question 15

Avg BPM of fetus

Answer 15

110-160 bpm

Question 16

Fetoscope and Doppler transducer

Answer 16

Device translates one physical quantity into another, can be used to identify FHR baseline, rhythm, and changes from the baseline

Question 17

Tachycardia

Answer 17

Greater than 160 bpm
Fever, maternal dehydration, hypoxia, acidosis, hypovolemia, dysrythmia, severe anemia, hyperthyroidism, drugs administered to mother

Question 18

Bradycardia

Answer 18

Lower than 110

Head compression, hypoxia, acidosis, heart block, umbilical cord compression, late labor