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Health And Illness Exam 1 > Reproduction And Management Of Fertility And Infertility Concept 21 And Chap 31 > Flashcards

Reproduction And Management Of Fertility And Infertility Concept 21 And Chap 31 Flashcards

1
Q

Reproduction

A

Process by which human beings produce a new individual. Sexual intercourse between a man and woman may result in the conception of a child.

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2
Q

Formation of reproductive cells

A

Formation of germ cells. Gametogenisis is the formation and development of germ cells, oocytes, spermatocytes. Meiosis occurs (23 chromosomes)

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3
Q

Oogensis

A

Process of egg formation begins during fetal life and is known as oogenesis. Only 400-500n ovum will mature enough to reproduce.

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4
Q

Spermatogensis

A

Germ cell to a sperm cell. Begins at puberty

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5
Q

Fertilization

A

Sperm is ejaculatedd—> travel through cervix into uterus—>Fallopian tubes—> ovum—>cortical reaction with sperm and ovum—>zygote forms

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6
Q

Implantation

A

Cavity is formed in the morula after 4 days after fertilization. Becomes a blastocysts and floats freely within the uterus for 2 days—>form trophoblast and an inner layer embryoblast—.9.5 days layer completely in endometrium

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7
Q

Embryonic period

A

Weeks 3-8 after conception

Highly sensitive period

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8
Q

Fetal period

A

Represents the final stage of development beginning on the ninth week after fertilization until birth.

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9
Q

Populations at risk for consequences

A

Adolescent population: impaired nutrition, anemia, infections, depression, social isolation, preeclampsia. Protracted labor, caphalopelvic disproportion, premature brith, and C-section.

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10
Q

Individual risk factors include

A 
Biophysical factors (altered or mutated genes)
Psychosocial factors (smoking, excessive caffeine intake, etc)
Sociodemographic factors (low income, low prenatal care)
Environmental factors (pollution, radiation, infections)
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11
Q

History assessment

A

Sexual history, contraceptive history, surgical history, alterations in pelvic support, papanicolaou history, and menstrual history

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12
Q

Diagnostic tests assessment first trimester

A 
Pregnancy test
CBC
Blood type
Rebuild titer
HepB
Syphilis test 
HIV test
Urinalysis
Pap test
Gonorrhea and chlamydia
Nuchal translucency
Amniocentesis 
Emotional well-being
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13
Q

Diagnostic tests second trimester

A 
CBC
1 hour glucose tolerance test
MSAFP screening
Amniocentesis 
Emotional well being
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14
Q

Diagnostic tests third trimester

A

Group B strep testing
Screening and diagnostic ultrasound
Emotional well-being

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15
Q

Analgesics (actaminophen)

A

Pain

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16
Q

Antibiotics (ampicillin, clindamycin, cefazolin, metronidazole, gentamicin, penicillin, erythromycin)

A

Infections

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17
Q

Antidepressants (sertraline, escitalopram)

A

Mood disorders

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18
Q

Antiemetic (promethazine, ondansetron)

A

Nausea

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19
Q

Folic acid

A

Neural tube defect prevention

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20
Q

Flu vaccine

A

Prevention of influenza

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21
Q

Ferrous sulfate

A

Transfer of iron to fetus

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22
Q

Laxative (docusate)

A

Constipation

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23
Q

Magnesium sulfate

A

Prevention of seizures

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24
Q

Prenatal vitamins

A

Support maternal nutrition

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25
Q

Progesterone

A

Support early intrauterine pregnancy

26
Q

Ph2 immune globin

A

Prevent hemolytic disease

27
Q

Tocolytics (nifedipine)

A

Suppress uterine contractions

28
Q

Perfusion

A

Adequate maternal blood flow to the growing fetus

29
Q

Gestational diabetes mellitus

A

Carbohydrate intolerance of variable severity with onset onset or first recognition during pregnancy due to changing maternal hormonal levels

30
Q

Preeclampsia

A

Syndrome characterized by an increase in BP after 20 weeks of gestation accompanied by renal changes like proteinuria

31
Q

Postpartum hemorrhage

A

When a mother loses a significant amount of blood after delivery

32
Q

Shoulder dystocia

A

When the fetus’ anterior shoulder becomes stuck under the maternal pubic bone preventing vaginal birth

33
Q

Contraceptive methods

A 
Sterilization 
Intrauterine devices or intrauterine system
Progestin implant 
Progestin injections
Oral contraceptives
Emergency contraception
Transdermal contraceptive patch
Vaginal contraceptive ring

Most popular is condoms oral contraceptives and sterilization

34
Q

Conception

A

The joining of a mature ovum and a sperm

35
Q

Contraception

A

Preventing pregnancy in one form or another

36
Q

Fertilization

A

When the sperm meets the egg

37
Q

Germ cell

A

An embryonic cell that has the potential to be a gamete

38
Q

Gestation

A

Pregnancy

39
Q

Gametogensis

A

Creation of the reproductive cells

meiosis

40
Q

Ovulation

A

When the follicle can fall and be released

41
Q

Cleavage

A

The division of all the cells

42
Q

Implantation

A

6-10 days after ovulation

Implantation should happen at the fondus or top of the uterus (richest blood supply, thickest lining, and because It limits blood loss after delivery)

43
Q

Embryo

A

Initial egg and cells (2-8 week)

44
Q

Fetus

A

After the egg begins to develop (8-40 weeks)

45
Q

Egg topic pregnancy

A

When implantation happens on day 2 and the egg matures in the Fallopian tubes. Becomes a problem and needs surgery around 12 weeks

46
Q

Primary infertility

A

1 year of regular intercourses that is unprotected without pregnancy

47
Q

Secondary infertility

A

Already had one kid but something is happening the second time around

48
Q

Mumps, renal failure

A

Decrease of fertility

49
Q

Oligo spermia

A

Abnormal sperm count

50
Q

Hypospadius

A

Opening on the underside of the penis

51
Q

Excessive alcohol intake

A

No sperm will make It due to change in ph

52
Q

Seminal fluid

A

Carrier fluid. Protection of the sperm

53
Q

Maintaining a pregnancy

A

Progesterone

Estrogen (lutinizing hormone)

54
Q

Progesterone

A

Given in the glute once a week to maintain a pregnancy during the 26-40 weeks pregnant

55
Q

Folic acid: primary prevention

A

Prevents neural tube defects

56
Q

Invitro fertilization embryo transfer

A

Implant the embryo into the uterus

57
Q

Gamete intafallopian transfer

A

Put the two sex cells into the Fallopian tubes

58
Q

Zygot intrafallopian transfer

A

Already have the bound together

59
Q

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection

A

Injecting a sperm at the base of the cervix

60
Q

Reproduction interrelated concepts

A 
Hormonal regulation
Gas exchange
Perfusion
Sexuality
Nutrition
61
Q

Oral contraceptives

A

Smoking and birth control causes stroke

Risk of blood clots and cardiovascular disease

Health And Illness Exam 1 (5 decks)

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