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Health And Illness Exam 1 > Pregnancy And Giving Birth Ch. 13 & 16 > Flashcards

Pregnancy And Giving Birth Ch. 13 & 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Uterus changes

A

Growth; by full growth It weighs approximately 2.4-2.6 lbs

Due to herplasia and hypertrophy

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2
Q

Braxton hicks contraction

A

Irregular contractions due to uterine growth

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3
Q

Cervix

A

Hyperemia (congestion of cloud) of the cervix. Resulting in blueish purple color of cervix

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4
Q

Chadwicks sign

A

Blueish purple color of cervix

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5
Q

Goodells sign

A

Cervical softening

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6
Q

Striae gravidarum

A

Stretch marks

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7
Q

Breast growth

A

Stimulates the growth of mammary ducal tissue and progesterone promotes the growth of lobes, lobules, an alveoli

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8
Q

Colostrum

A

Yellowish fluid is present beginning at 12-16 weeks of pregnancy and can be expressed from the breasts

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9
Q

Heart sounds

A

Changes of heartbeat between 12 to 20 weeks and regress during the first week after childbirth

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10
Q

Total volume of blood flow

A

Increase of up to 45%

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11
Q

Plasma volume

A

40%-60% above nonpregnant values

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12
Q

RBC mass

A

20%-30%

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13
Q

Supine hypotension

A

The weight of the gravity uterus partially occluded the vena cava and the aorta

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14
Q

Hypercoagulable state

A

Pregnancy causes mother to clot more readily

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15
Q

Relaxin

A

Produced by the corpus Latium, decidua, and placenta. Inhibits uterine activity, soften cervix connnective tissue, and lengthens pubic ligaments

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16
Q

Gestational symptoms 5-8 weeks

A

Missed period, nausea, fatigue, tingling of breasts, urinary frequency, Chadwick’s, goodells, and hegers sign

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17
Q

9-12 week symptoms

A

Nausea, palpable uterus above symphysis pubis

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18
Q

13-16 week symptoms

A

Uterus is into abdomen, colostrum present, BV increases

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19
Q

17-20 week symptoms

A

Fetal movements felt, heartbeat can be heard, skin pigment increases , Braxton hicks contractions

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20
Q

21-24 week symptoms

A

Relaxation of smooth muscles of veins and bladder increases the chance of varicose veins and UTI

21
Q

25-28 week symptoms

A

Greatest weight gain and lowest hemoglobin levels

22
Q

29-32 week symptoms

A

Heartburn, Braxton hicks contraction, lordosis increases

23
Q

33-36 week symptoms

A

Shortness of breath, umbillicus protrudes, pedal and ankle edema

24
Q

37-40 week symptoms

A

Cervix softens, mucous plug is often lost

25
Q

Amenorrhea

A

Absence of menstruation

26
Q

gravida and para (GTPAL)

A

Gravida, term, preterm, abortions, and living children

5-1-1-2-2

27
Q

Common lab tests

A 
Rh factor and antibody screen 
Complete blood count
Hemoglobin count
Venereal disease lab or rapid plasma reagin
Tuberculin skin test
Genetic testing 
Hep B
HIV
Urinalysis
Pap test
Cervical culture
Glucose
28
Q

Demographic high risk factors

A

Younger than 16 years and older than 35
Low socioeconomic economic status
Nonwhite race
Multiparty

29
Q

Social personal factors for high risk

A 
Low non pregnancy weight
Obesity
Height less than 5 foot
Smoking
Use of drugs or alcohol
30
Q

Obstetric high risk factors

A

Birth of infant more than 8.8 lbs
Previous preterm birth
Fetal or neonatal death
Rh sensitization

31
Q

Existing medical conditions high risk factors

A 
Diabetes 
Hypothyroidism 
Hyperthyroidism 
Cardiac disease
Renal disease
Concurrent infections
32
Q

Uterine growth

A

Non pregnant=pear shaped 10 mL capacity

33
Q

Full term uterine growth

A

Basketball, 5000 mL capacity

34
Q

Cervical changes

A

Increased estrogen=hyperemia=bluish purple coloring of cervix called “Chadwick’s sign”

Increased collagen production=cervix softens =goodells sign

35
Q

Breast changes

A

Increased vasculature
Straie gravidarum
Areolae become darker, more erect
Formation of colostrum

36
Q

Cardiovascular system changes

A

Enlarged myocardium
Heart sits higher in chest and towards left chest by third trimester
Adventitious heart sounds in 95% OF PREGNANT PATIENTS
TOTAL BODY VOLUME INCREASED BY 45%
Hypercoagulable state

37
Q

Respiratory system/hormonal changes

A 
Oxygen consumption increases
Hyperventilation=
Progesterone/prostaglandins decrease airway resistance 
Estrogen=
Relaxed rib ligaments
38
Q

Hyperventilation

A

increased tidal volume=respiratory alkalosis

39
Q

Estrogen

A

increased vasculature of upper respiratory tract

40
Q

Relaxed rib ligaments

A

allow wider expansion of diaphragm

41
Q

GI/urinary system changes

A 
Gingivitis/bleeding gums
Ptyaism
Decreased esophageal tone
Decreased gastric emptying 
Decreased motility in large intestine
Gallbladder becomes hypotonic
Urinary frequency 
Renal blood flow increases by 50-80%
42
Q

Skin/musculoskeletal changes

A 
Increased perspiration 
Hyperpigmentation 
Pulsar erythema 
Rapid hair growth, less hair loss
Increased absorption of calcium
Separation of pelvic symphysis 
Diastasis recti
43
Q

Anterior pituitary

A

Stimulate production

44
Q

Posterior pituitary

A

Production of oxytocin

45
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Enlarged thyroid gland for fetal brain development

46
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

Increases to allow calcium transfer to fetus

47
Q

Pancreas

A

Produces more insulin

48
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Increase cortisol and aldosterone

49
Q

Water requirement

A

Increases by 6.5-8.5 liters

Health And Illness Exam 1 (5 decks)

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