Sexuality and reproduction Flashcards
*External influences on sexuality
Family
Friends
Society
*Internal influences on sexuality
- Self-concept
- Self-esteem
- Intimacy
- reproduction
- sexual responses
- belonging
Negative examples of sexual identity/functioning
- Perverts
- pedophiles
- human trafficking
- child/elder abuse sexually
- Sexuality in infancy and childhood
- influences
- expressions
They are exploring their privates: hands in their pants, "whats in your pants" Gendered toys (influence)
- Sexuality in adolescents
- influences
- expressions
- peer pressure (influence)
- interest and curiosity in sexuality and exploring sexuality arises (influence and expression)
- puberty occurs with a change in hormones and appearance
*Sexuality in adult females
- having children, may feel like they are on a clock
- career vs. family
- climactic/menopause occurs
*Sexuality in adult males
- provider vs. caregiver
- balding
- mid-life crisis
- impotence
*Sexuality in older adults
- impotence, use of Viagra
- loss of partner –> new dating, isolation
- body is changing (neg. weakening)
Factors influencing sexuality?(4)
Biology
Culture
Society
Family
Populations at greatest risk for sexual adverse effexts
Adolescents
Minorities
Intellectual and developmentally disabled
Newly unpartnered
Individual risk factors for sexual adverse affects
High-risk behaviors
- multiple and causal partners
- failure to practice safe sex
Use of alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit substances (inc. poor choices)
*Elements included in a sexual history
- number of partners
- usual sexual partners
- frequency of sexal activity
- satisfaction with sexual activity
- perceived problems
- knowledge level of sexual functioning
*Challenges to taking a sexual history
- taboo in some cultures
- low confidence or comfort of the nurse regarding the topic
- having parents in the office with adolecents
Primary prevention related to sexuality and sexual health
- Patient education
- Condom use
- Safe-sex practices
- HPV vaccine
Secondary prevention related to sexuality and sexual health
Pap smear (cervical screening)
HIV screening
other STI screening
Tertiary prevention related to sexuality and sexual health
Pharmacological–treat sti, erectile dysfunction, menopause symptoms
Pessaries and/or surgery— pelvic organ prolapse
Sexual counseling
Physiologic process of reproduction. (gamete production to fetus)
gametogenesis (oogeneisis, spermatogenesis) Ovulation Ejaculation fertilization Cleavage Implantation Embryo/fetus
When and where does implantation occur?
day 8-9 after fertilization
want in the top portion of the uterus
Populations at greatest risk for problems with reproduction?
- impoverished
- adolescents
- women over 40
Why are impoverished populations at greater risk for reproductive problems
-do not have money four resources; prenatal vitamins, check ups, food
Why are adolescents at greater risk for reproductive problems
- body is not 100% ready for a baby
- hips have not shifted to a bowl shape
- breasts not ready
Why are women over 40 at greater risk for reproductive problems
- increased risk for chromosomal issues for baby
- mom has dec. stamina
- mom has inc. risk for illness
*Areas to ask about regarding reproductive health history
- present and past health history
- family history
- menstruation history
*What is the purpose of GTPAL
Give a quick snapshot of the moms pregnancy history
*What does GTPAL represent/stand for
Gravida (# of pregnancy) Term (3 of pregnancies to term) Preterm (# of pregnancies preterm) Abortion/miscarriage (# of pregnancies) Living (# of kids)
*Define gravida
number of pregnancies, including current
*Define para
number of pregnancies carried to at least 20 weeks
*What are the physical determinants of pregnancy
HCG
*How to calculate the estimated due date?
Date of last period - 3 months + 7 days
