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MAPIO > Sexuality and Gender > Flashcards

Sexuality and Gender Flashcards

1
Q

When did the US FDA approve birth control pills?

A

1960

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2
Q

As of what year did the US Supreme Court rule that the government cant regulate the use of birth control in marriage?

A

1965

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3
Q

What % of marriages are marked by some kind of sexual inadequacy?

A

50%

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4
Q

When was Viagra approved and marketed?

A

1998

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5
Q

How many states have laws banning the living together of non-married people?

A

7

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6
Q

How many states have laws saying you cant have intercourse before marriage?

A

4

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7
Q

What % of visits to the internet are to adult sites in US?

A

19%

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8
Q

What % of people that visit children & teens chatrooms are actually adults pretending to be children?

A

2/3

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9
Q

What are the psychological effects of sexual dysfunctions?

A

Frustration, guilt about failure, loss of self esteem, emotional problems

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10
Q

How can most sexual dysfunctions be treated?

A

In relatively brief therapy

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11
Q

What is the definition of a sexual dysfunction?

A

Psychophysiological disorders which make it impossible for the individual to have and/or enjoy coitus

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12
Q

What are the 4 responses of the sexual system?

A

Desire, arousal, orgasm and resolution

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13
Q

What can be associated with the ‘desire’ phase of the sexual system?

A
  • Lack of desire/interest in sex
  • Sexual aversion
  • Avoidance as its unpleasant
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14
Q

What can be associated with the ‘arousal’ phase of the sexual system?

A
  • Increased: heart rate, muscle tension, blood pressure
  • Penis hardens
  • Swelling of clitoris and vagina lubrication
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15
Q

What are some dysfunctions that can occur at the ‘arousal’ phase?

A

Male erectile disorder (impotence)
Female arousal disorder
(frigidity)

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16
Q

Whats the most common sexual disfunction in males?

A

Premature ejaculation

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17
Q

What is a sexual pain disorder?

A

Vaginismus - spastic contractions of the muscles round the outer third of the vagina that prevent entry of the penis

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18
Q

What % of people probably suffer from a type of sexual dysfunction?

A

24%

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19
Q

In what % of men is a hypoactive sexual desire found?

A

15%

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20
Q

In what age group is erectile disorder most common in?

A

Older men

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21
Q

In what age group is premature ejaculation most common in?

A

Under 30s

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22
Q

What % of population does inhibited male orgasm occur?

A

1 - 3%

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23
Q

In what % of females is a hypoactive sexual desire found?

A

20 - 35%

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24
Q

Up to what % of women have had arousal disorders?

A

48%

25
Q

In what % of the population does vaginismus occur?

A

Less than 1%

26
Q

Where have sexual dysfunctions been traced to coming back from?

A
  • Influences of childhood learning
  • Problematic attitudes & beliefs
  • Biological factors
  • Relationship issues
27
Q

When did behavioural therapists begin to develop procedures to treat sexual dysfunctions?

A

1950s -1960s

28
Q

What are the two ways to measure functioning?

A

Penile plethysmograph

Vaginal plethysmograph

29
Q

Whats the first component of sex therapy?

A

Assessment and conceptualisation of the problem, emphasis on principle of mutual responsibility

30
Q

What are the middle components are there to sex therapy?

A
  • Therapists provide accurate information

- Work is done to change attitudes cognitions and beliefs

31
Q

What the end components to sex therapy?

A
  • Eliminate performance anxiety and the spectator role

- Finally, work to change destructive lifestyles and martial interactions

32
Q

What is the 4 element sequential model that has been developed for the treatment of hypoactive drive and aversion?

A

Effectual awareness, insight, cognitive and emotional change, behavioural interventions

33
Q

How is a patient with erectile failure taught to reduce anxiety and increase stimulation?

A

Tease & stuffing techniques

34
Q

How is premature ejaculation treated?

A

Behavioural retraining procedures: stop-start and squeeze

35
Q

How is inhibited male orgasm treated?

A

Reducing performance anxiety and ensuring adequate stimulation

36
Q

What are some ways that female arousal and orgasm dysfunctions are treated?

A

Self-exploration, body awareness and directed masturbation training

37
Q

What are paraphilias?

A

Characterised by the recurrent and intense sexual urges and sexually arousing fantasies involving nonhuman objects

38
Q

What is fetishism?

A

The use of an inanimate object or body part to achieve sexual arousal, often exclusively

39
Q

How do psychodynamic theorists see fetishism?

A

As defence mechanisms

40
Q

How do behaviourists treat fetishism?

A

Aversion therapy or covet sensitisation

41
Q

What is transvestism?

A

Involves the need to dress in clothes of the opposite sex to achieve sexual arousal

42
Q

What are transvestites generally?

A

Hostile self-centred, limited capacity for intimacy, marriages then to be discordant

43
Q

What is pedophila?

A

Achieving sexual gratification through children

44
Q

When does pedophila develop?

A

Adolescence

45
Q

How is pedophila treated?

A

Aversion therapy, orgasmic reorientation, and relapse-prevention training

46
Q

What is exhibitionism?

A

The ‘flasher’ acts out sexually arousing fantasies of exposing his genitals to a woman to produce a shock reaction

47
Q

How is exhibitionism treated?

A

Aversion therapy, cover sensitisation, arousal reorientation, social skills training

48
Q

What are Voyeurs?

A

They have recurrent and intense desires to observe people secretly as they dress or undress

49
Q

When does voyeurism usually develop?

A

Before 15, could be chronic

50
Q

How do psychodynamic theorists view voyuerism?

A

As an attempt to reduce fear of castration

51
Q

How do behaviourists see voyuerism?

A

Learned behaviour traceable to a chance and secret observation of sexually arousing scene

52
Q

What is frotteurism?

A

The frotteur acts on recurrent and intense sexual urges to touch and rub against an non-consenting person

53
Q

When does frotteurism develop?

A

Adolescence or earlier and then diminishes

54
Q

What is sexual mascochism?

A

Sexual urges to be humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer

55
Q

How is the pattern of sexual maschoism developed?

A

Classical conditioning

56
Q

What are sexual sadists?

A

Sexually aroused by the infliction of physical or psychological suffering - they fantasise about having total control over another person

57
Q

How do behaviourist believe sadists are developed?

A

Classical conditioning

58
Q

What is gender identity disorder/transsexualism?

A

Where they feel that a mistake has been made in the assignment of his or her sex

59
Q

How do male transsexuals outnumber female transsexual;s?

A

More than 3 to 1

MAPIO (7 decks)

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