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HECOL 211 > Sexuality and Disability > Flashcards

Sexuality and Disability Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of sexually elite?

A

Individuals where there activity does not violate reproductive bias and could lead to socially sanctioned conception and pregnancy (ex. a heterosexual married couple)

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2
Q

What is the definition of sexually oppressed?

A

individuals who are perceived as not conforming to reproductive bias and tend to be systematically asexualized. (elderly or disabled)

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3
Q

What is the definition of sexually unusual?

A

the people in society who are viewed as deviant, weird, sick or a criminal. ex. pedophiles, exhibitionists, and transvestites

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4
Q

How does the WHO define impairment?

A
  • it is an organic condition (something wrong with the system) examples inc. depression, spinal cord injury, downs syndrome
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5
Q

How does the WHO define disability?

A
  • functional limitations of the impairment you have. (ex. BECAUSE of spinal cord injury = unable to have an erection) or BECAUSE of my impairment i am unable to walk)
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6
Q

How does the WHO define handicap?

A
  • environmental and attitudinal barriers, (for example, the building has stairs but since i am in a wheel chair i am unable to go in the building) (attitude barriers for example would be because your parents attitude prevents you from doing something)
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7
Q

What is adjustment?

A
  • resuming or initiating sexual activity
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8
Q

Factors that affect adjustment: Congenital vs. acquired

A

congenital - born with it, adjustment is not as hard as if it was acquired since you have always lived with it, no comparisons

acquired - harder time adjusting, because of the change, there is a lot of comparisons

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9
Q

Factors that affect adjustment: Mild/localized vs. severe/systemic (perception)

A

They don’t make the distinction between mild/severe that they need help or they dont need help, it depends on their attitude towards adjustment

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10
Q

Factors that affect adjustment: Stable vs. Progressive (rapidity)

A
  • example of stable is a spinal cord injury, they stay that the level of dysfunction

while progressive would be MS. It progresses to being worse, If it is progressive, it affects adjustment a lot more than the condition being stable. With progressive, they must continue to make changes to their disability.

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11
Q

Factors that affect adjustment: Visible vs. Invisible

A

Visible - people clearly know you have a disability ex. a wheelchair

invisible - they do not see the disability outright

Being a visible disabled person you are treated differently, and the general public is scared to get into a relationship with you. people with an invisible disability put barriers up themselves.

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12
Q

Factors that affect adjustment: Degree and constancy of pain (medications)

A

pain can affect sexual function, due to for example muscle imbalances, pressure sores etc.

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13
Q

Factors that affect adjustment: Degree control and/or effective management of bladder and bowel function

A
  • having sex may trigger the reflexes
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14
Q

Factors that affect adjustment: currently in vs. looking for a relationship

A

people with a disability who were in a relationship are more likely to resume and continue their sexual lives compared to people who werent in a relationship before and must eventually establish a relationship now.

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15
Q

Factors that affect adjustment: attitudes/ acceptance of significant others (whether it is a partner, family or friends)

A
  • if people saw you as a disable person being sexually active, this may affect your adjustment
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16
Q

What are some general factors that may be affected by a disease or an injury?

A
  • body image
  • self esteem
  • public attitudes
17
Q

What are some reproduction and response factors that may be affected by a disease or injury?

A
  • fertility
  • pregnancy and delivery
  • arousal
  • potency
  • ejaculation and orgasm
18
Q

How does the attraction template change after an individual becomes disabled?

A
  • chances of divorce are almost doubled compared to the general population
  • sometimes the person can feel guilty for being disabled “my partner did not sign up for this” etc.
19
Q

What are some behavior factors that may be affected by a disability?

A
  • self pleasure and masturbation
  • choices of sexual activities
  • positioning for sexual intercourse and other sexual behaviors
20
Q

What is cerebral palsy?

A
  • damage to the brain and/or central nervous system before or during birth that results in a some degree of spastic paralysis and speech difficulties (normally intelligence does not become affected)
  • functioning becomes really impacted in terms of movement, they look like they are very disabled but intellectually they are normal
21
Q

Sensory Deficits

A

Blindness - dating and mating becomes harder, issues with safety exists

Deafness - problems with dating and mating

  • many live independent and satisfactory lives, however there is a lot of variability when it comes to the degree of which they can adapt. it depends on the age of onset, family support, self esteem.
  • due to their disability they may have decreased socialization and educational opportunities
22
Q

Spinal cord injury

A
  • bruising and tearing, cutting the the spinal cord –> partial or total loss of voluntary movement and sensation below injury

Quadriplegia - neck injuries, arm trunk and legs are affected
Paraplegia - upper/lower back injuries, trunk and legs are affected
quads - wheelchair (semi independent)
paras - wheelchair, crutches, cane (independent)

Women with this injury can still have children normally, but they dont hold back when giving birth since they dont hav sensation

  • with this injury psychogenic orgasms are gone, depending on level of injury reflux erections could still happen
  • women can use lubrication to minmic arousal
  • women have great capacity for pleasure, due to having cognitive orgasms (sex becomes better after the injury)
23
Q

Arthritis

A

small and large joints of the body are painful, swelling, stiffness and immobility happens

  • this affects more women and can occur at different ages
  • the pain varies, and it limits movement
24
Q

Amputees

A
  • loss of limbs
  • usually non progressive but can change later on
  • more males
  • a big issue here is self esteem and body image
25
Q

Psychological disabilities:Intellectually impaired

A

inadequate development of brain

26
Q

Psychological disabilities: Brain injury

A
  • can happen at any age, and there are varying degrees of mental and physical limitations
27
Q

Psychological disabilities: Mental illness

A

examples would be depression, anxiety etc.

28
Q

What are some general issues with individuals that have a Psychological disability?

A
  • self esteem, independence, decision making, appropriate behaviours, relationships.
  • individuals with a brain injury and mental illness the high population that have STIs, unplanned pregnancy happen due to risky behaviors and not being knowledgeable
29
Q

What is the difference between physical vs. Psychological injury?

A
  • personality changes a lot, even with a physical injury, the person is that person before the injury happened.
30
Q

What is the definition of psychoneurosis?

A

disturbances in thought, feelings, attitudes, and behavior, usually they are in touch with reality
ex. anxiety, depression, obsessional, and phobias

31
Q

What is the definition of psychosis?

A
  • a disorder that includes the disintegration of personality, and loss of contact with reality, usually will need hospitalization ex. schizophrenia
32
Q

What are some issues with individuals that are impaired intellectually?

A
  • they mature sexually in a normal way, meaning they have a normal sex drive
  • they receive little training regarding their bodies and sexuality
  • biggest issue here is consent, if they are not intellectually matured, are they able to give consent?
  • a solution to this problem would be to teach them about sex based on their actual age, and then teach them about sexual expression at their functioning age
33
Q

What are some guidelines when working with individuals with a mental disability?

A
  • masturbation is normal sexual expression no matter how frequently and at what age it occurs at
  • all sexual activity involving the genitals should happen in privacy
  • any time a sexually mature girl and boy have intercourse they risk pregnancy
  • unless a couple clearly wants a baby they need to understand and practice effective birth control
  • society decrees that no one should have intercourse until about age eighteen
  • adults must never use children sexually
  • with appropriate safeguards, sexual expression can be encouraged
  • private sexual activity is acceptable between consenting adults
  • nobody is allowed to touch you in anyway without your permission

HECOL 211 (8 decks)

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