Contraception & Abortion Flashcards
What is the definition of Abstinence?
One possible definition would be not having vaginal intercourse.
* be sure to communicate what abstinence means for you, and ensure your partner knows.
What is the only form of contraception for men that protects against STI’s and pregnancy?
Condoms
- Alberta has the lowest condom use in all of canada
- 40% of 15-24 yr olds do not use condoms
- 2-12 reported pregnancies/100 women every year
- made of latex and polyuerthane
- ensure to keep it at room temperature in a dry place, away from sharp objects that could puncture
- condoms do expire, and are good for 5 years from date of manufacture
- one male condom for each time
What is the purpose of lubricant?
To make sex more comfortable, and to prevent STI’s and it helps with the effectiveness of condoms.
What kind of lubricants should you be using with latex condoms?
when using with condoms, be sure to only use water, hemp or silicone based lubricants with latex condoms.
– do not use oil based lube, as it should not be used in the vagina.
What protection do Female/Internal condoms provide?
- Protects against STIs and Pregnancy
What are female condoms made out of?
Polyurethane
- 1-2 reported pregnancies out of 100 women
- effective against STIs that are transmitted by skin to skin contact
- do not use while using a male condom
What are Dental Dams used to be protective against?
- STIs during oral sex
- polyurethane and latex
- able to make one from a condom
How does a Emergency Contraceptive Pill prevent pregnancy?
- delays release of an egg
- thickens the cervical mucus
- prevents fertilized egg from implanting on the uterine wall
How effective is the “morning after pill”?
95% effective in the first 24 hours, and 61% effective between 48-72 hours.
Does hormonal contraception provide protected against STIs?
NOP.
What are some examples of when hormonal contraception would be recommended to you?
- if you are over 35 years of age and smoke
- history of gestational diabetes
- have begign breast disease or a history of breast cancer
- have liver problems
- high blood pressure
How does the birth control pill work?
- two types of hormones: estrogen and progesterone
- it prevents ovulation, and creates a mucus surrounding cervix, so its harder for sperm to enter the uterus
- 1-2 reported pregnancies/100 women every year
- take a pill at the same time everyday for 21 days, and take one week off for the period
- not effective against STIs and some medications may effect the pill
How does the Evra patch work?
- same hormones, and same technique to prevent pregnancy
- place it on the arm, shoulder, buttock, abdomen, and you should change it once a week for 3 weeks, then take it off for one week for period
- no protection against STIs
- some side effects may happen
- same cost as the pill
How does the Nuvaring work?
the same hormones at the pill and the patch, except it goes into the vagina, and stays there for 21 days with one week off for period
- same stats of pregnancy as the pill
- more expensive than the pill and the patch
- if ring is removed and out for more than 2 hours, you need a backup method of birth control, until the ring has been used continuously for 7 day.
- no protection against STIs
How does the shot work? (Depo Provera)
injection every 12 weeks
less than 1-2 reported pregnancies for every 100 women every year
- only one hormone –> progestin
- this stops the body from releasing eggs, cervical mucus thickens, and the uterine lining changes making it hard for sperm to enter or survive in uterus
- more expensive than the ring
- becomes effective within 24 hours if taken the first day of the period
- periods stop after having 2-3 shots
- side effects: weight gain, risk of osteoporosis
- fertility may take up to a year to become normal again.
How does spermicide work?
it works by killing sperm
and 3-21 reported pregnancies, if used with condoms its 1-6 pregnancies
- costs approximately the same as a birth control pill
- can be used only if you are not having sex more than once per day
How does the sponge work?
it is a physical barrier method by blocking the sperm from getting past the cervix, and already has spermicide on it.
3-28 pregnancies per 100 women
- not reusable but can have sex multiple times with it
How does the cervical cap work?
- Another barrier method, blocking sperm from getting past the cervix
- reusable
- used with spermicide
- 6 hours after intercourse, it should be removed
- more expensive than a sponge
- more effective than a sponge 5-18 pregnancies
How does the diaphragm work?
- also a barrier method just like the sponge and cervical cap
- around the same pricing as a cervical cap
- 3-18 pregnancies , approx. as effective as the cervical cap
How does the IUD work?
its plastic coated with copper and inserted into the uterus
- copper changes pH of the uterus, and making it inhospitable for egg and Sperm
- insert and removal is done by a physician
- a lot more expensive than the barrier methods
- 1-6 pregnancies
How does the IUS work?
T shaped plastic coated with progestin, and inserted into the uterus
- progestin stops ovulation, and changes uterine lining
- can be used up to 3-5 years depending on the brand
- > 350$
- less than one pregnancy per 100 women every year
Explain the method of doing the Fertility Awareness Method (FAM)
- charts her cycle while monitoring cervical mucus and the basal body temperature to predict ovulation
- 2-20 pregnancies
- cost is free
- no side effects
- must abstain from sex or any contraception during the fertile phase
What happens during a vasectomy?
- vas deferens is tied and cauterized
- sperm is stopped from being expelled from the penis
- does not change ejaculate
- less than one pregnancy per 100 women
- considered pretty permanent
What is gel that gets injected into the vas deferens to block sperm from entering the ejaculate?
- Vasalgel
- can last 10-15 years
- this is reversible, as the man can be fertile once the gel is flushed out
- not available in NA yet
What is tubal ligation?
- womens fallopian tubes are closed or tied off
- this will stop ovulation, egg can no longer travel and be fertilized
- less than one pregnancy per 100 women
- considered permanent
How doe an Essure work?
silicone insert into the fallopian tube, no surgery required
- scar tissue is generated to block the tube, ovulation is not disturbed
- effective after 3 months
- non reversible
- expensive as heck
What problems arise with “pulling out”?
- doesnt pull out in time, and doesnt pull out at all
- precum can contain sperm esp, if he ejactulated earlier
- 73% effective
- no protection against STI
What happens when no method is used at all?
60-85 women out of 100 will get pregnant in one year
What is the stats of abortion?
1 in 4 canadian women will have at least one abortion in their lifetime
- many of them happen before 12 weeks of being pregnant
How does medication abortion work?
- must happen befre 8 weeks of pregnancy
- induces a miscarriage
How does surgical abortion happen?
- works up to 20 weeks into pregnancy
- happens under conscious sedation
- takes about 5-7 minutes
- most women are back to routine the following person