Contraception & Abortion

Question 1

What is the definition of Abstinence?

Answer 1

One possible definition would be not having vaginal intercourse.
* be sure to communicate what abstinence means for you, and ensure your partner knows.

Question 2

What is the only form of contraception for men that protects against STI’s and pregnancy?

Answer 2

Condoms

• Alberta has the lowest condom use in all of canada
• 40% of 15-24 yr olds do not use condoms
• 2-12 reported pregnancies/100 women every year
• made of latex and polyuerthane
• ensure to keep it at room temperature in a dry place, away from sharp objects that could puncture
• condoms do expire, and are good for 5 years from date of manufacture
• one male condom for each time

Question 3

What is the purpose of lubricant?

Answer 3

To make sex more comfortable, and to prevent STI’s and it helps with the effectiveness of condoms.

Question 4

What kind of lubricants should you be using with latex condoms?

Answer 4

when using with condoms, be sure to only use water, hemp or silicone based lubricants with latex condoms.

– do not use oil based lube, as it should not be used in the vagina.

Question 5

What protection do Female/Internal condoms provide?

Answer 5

• Protects against STIs and Pregnancy

Question 6

What are female condoms made out of?

Answer 6

Polyurethane

• 1-2 reported pregnancies out of 100 women
• effective against STIs that are transmitted by skin to skin contact
• do not use while using a male condom

Question 7

What are Dental Dams used to be protective against?

Answer 7

• STIs during oral sex
• polyurethane and latex
• able to make one from a condom

Question 8

How does a Emergency Contraceptive Pill prevent pregnancy?

Answer 8

• delays release of an egg
• thickens the cervical mucus
• prevents fertilized egg from implanting on the uterine wall

Question 9

How effective is the “morning after pill”?

Answer 9

95% effective in the first 24 hours, and 61% effective between 48-72 hours.

Question 10

Does hormonal contraception provide protected against STIs?

Answer 10

NOP.

Question 11

What are some examples of when hormonal contraception would be recommended to you?

Answer 11

• if you are over 35 years of age and smoke
• history of gestational diabetes
• have begign breast disease or a history of breast cancer
• have liver problems
• high blood pressure

Question 12

How does the birth control pill work?

Answer 12

• two types of hormones: estrogen and progesterone
• it prevents ovulation, and creates a mucus surrounding cervix, so its harder for sperm to enter the uterus
• 1-2 reported pregnancies/100 women every year
• take a pill at the same time everyday for 21 days, and take one week off for the period
• not effective against STIs and some medications may effect the pill

Question 13

How does the Evra patch work?

Answer 13

• same hormones, and same technique to prevent pregnancy
• place it on the arm, shoulder, buttock, abdomen, and you should change it once a week for 3 weeks, then take it off for one week for period
• no protection against STIs
• some side effects may happen
• same cost as the pill

Question 14

How does the Nuvaring work?

Answer 14

the same hormones at the pill and the patch, except it goes into the vagina, and stays there for 21 days with one week off for period

• same stats of pregnancy as the pill
• more expensive than the pill and the patch
• if ring is removed and out for more than 2 hours, you need a backup method of birth control, until the ring has been used continuously for 7 day.
• no protection against STIs

Question 15

How does the shot work? (Depo Provera)

Answer 15

injection every 12 weeks
less than 1-2 reported pregnancies for every 100 women every year

• only one hormone –> progestin
• this stops the body from releasing eggs, cervical mucus thickens, and the uterine lining changes making it hard for sperm to enter or survive in uterus
• more expensive than the ring
• becomes effective within 24 hours if taken the first day of the period
• periods stop after having 2-3 shots
• side effects: weight gain, risk of osteoporosis
• fertility may take up to a year to become normal again.

Question 16

How does spermicide work?

Answer 16

it works by killing sperm
and 3-21 reported pregnancies, if used with condoms its 1-6 pregnancies
- costs approximately the same as a birth control pill
- can be used only if you are not having sex more than once per day

Question 17

How does the sponge work?

Answer 17

it is a physical barrier method by blocking the sperm from getting past the cervix, and already has spermicide on it.
3-28 pregnancies per 100 women

• not reusable but can have sex multiple times with it

Question 18

How does the cervical cap work?

Answer 18

• Another barrier method, blocking sperm from getting past the cervix
• reusable
• used with spermicide
• 6 hours after intercourse, it should be removed
• more expensive than a sponge
• more effective than a sponge 5-18 pregnancies

Question 19

How does the diaphragm work?

Answer 19

• also a barrier method just like the sponge and cervical cap
• around the same pricing as a cervical cap
• 3-18 pregnancies , approx. as effective as the cervical cap

Question 20

How does the IUD work?

Answer 20

its plastic coated with copper and inserted into the uterus

• copper changes pH of the uterus, and making it inhospitable for egg and Sperm
• insert and removal is done by a physician
• a lot more expensive than the barrier methods
• 1-6 pregnancies

Question 21

How does the IUS work?

Answer 21

T shaped plastic coated with progestin, and inserted into the uterus

• progestin stops ovulation, and changes uterine lining
• can be used up to 3-5 years depending on the brand
• > 350$
• less than one pregnancy per 100 women every year

Question 22

Explain the method of doing the Fertility Awareness Method (FAM)

Answer 22

• charts her cycle while monitoring cervical mucus and the basal body temperature to predict ovulation
• 2-20 pregnancies
• cost is free
• no side effects
• must abstain from sex or any contraception during the fertile phase

Question 23

What happens during a vasectomy?

Answer 23

• vas deferens is tied and cauterized
• sperm is stopped from being expelled from the penis
• does not change ejaculate
• less than one pregnancy per 100 women
• considered pretty permanent

Question 24

What is gel that gets injected into the vas deferens to block sperm from entering the ejaculate?

Answer 24

• Vasalgel
• can last 10-15 years
• this is reversible, as the man can be fertile once the gel is flushed out
• not available in NA yet

Question 25

What is tubal ligation?

Answer 25

• womens fallopian tubes are closed or tied off
• this will stop ovulation, egg can no longer travel and be fertilized
• less than one pregnancy per 100 women
• considered permanent

Question 26

How doe an Essure work?

Answer 26

silicone insert into the fallopian tube, no surgery required

• scar tissue is generated to block the tube, ovulation is not disturbed
• effective after 3 months
• non reversible
• expensive as heck

Question 27

What problems arise with “pulling out”?

Answer 27

• doesnt pull out in time, and doesnt pull out at all
• precum can contain sperm esp, if he ejactulated earlier
• 73% effective
• no protection against STI

Question 28

What happens when no method is used at all?

Answer 28

60-85 women out of 100 will get pregnant in one year

Question 29

What is the stats of abortion?

Answer 29

1 in 4 canadian women will have at least one abortion in their lifetime
- many of them happen before 12 weeks of being pregnant

Question 30

How does medication abortion work?

Answer 30

• must happen befre 8 weeks of pregnancy

- induces a miscarriage

Question 31

How does surgical abortion happen?

Answer 31

• works up to 20 weeks into pregnancy
• happens under conscious sedation
• takes about 5-7 minutes
• most women are back to routine the following person