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SOCI 303 > Sexuality > Flashcards

Sexuality Flashcards

1
Q

When did the sexual revolution take place?

A

1960s-70s

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2
Q

What was the sexual revolution?

A

Transformation and liberalization of mores and behaviours related to sexuality; increased openness and availability of sexual imagery and information

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3
Q

Jonathan Michael Bailey

A

Wrote “The Man Who Would Be Queen”, described homosexuality as congenital (biological determinism) and that some gay stereotypes are actually accurate

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4
Q

What are the 2 forms of transsexualism for biological men, according to Jonathan Michael Bailey?

A

1) extreme type of male homosexuality and 2) sexual interest in having a female body (autogynephilia)

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5
Q

Foucault

A

Asserted that eastern cultures had ars erotica sex, while the west had scientia sexualis sex

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6
Q

What are some examples of patriarchal control over female sexuality in history?

A

Men exerted authority by ensuring women were virgin until marriage and remained faithful afterward

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7
Q

What are some examples of men having more sexual freedom compared to women?

A

Some laws excused a jealous husband who killed their wife having an affair

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8
Q

What are the Laws of Manu (Indian law code)?

A

The father guides her during childhood, her husband in youth, and her sons in old age

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9
Q

What did the Law of Moses state regarding sexuality

A

Bestiality and same-sex relations was forbidden

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10
Q

What are some of the laws that the Romans and Greeks had regarding sexuality

A

They frowned upon PDA but men engaged in homosexual relations frequently

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11
Q

What does Christianity demand in the West?

A

Abstinence before marriage and fidelity within marriage; sodomy was a sin

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12
Q

Richard Kaan

A

Argued masturbation and homosexuality were the result of mental disorders

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13
Q

Kraft-Ebbing and Magnus Hirschfeld

A

Established the concept of sexual orientation (assumed to be fixed); claimed that same-sex attraction was an inversion of normal sexuality

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14
Q

What is normal sex?

A

Biological sex (production of offspring)

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15
Q

What is abnormal sex?

A

No possibility of offspring

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16
Q

In the Victorian era, how were women who were sexually active or aggressive viewed?

A

They were considered deviant, hysterical, or unnatural

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17
Q

What are the main differences between how men and women are viewed when they are sexually active

A

Men gain status from sexual experience while women lose status

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18
Q

What is a man’s job versus a woman’s job in terms of sexuality

A

A man “unlocks” as many women as possible, whereas women are expected to be gatekeepers of sexuality

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19
Q

What are the statistics on the number of sexual partners men versus women have, and why do surveys/results tend to be unreliable

A

Men tend to have more sexual partners compared to women, though men may overstate the number of sexual partners and women may understate

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20
Q

Ashley Madison hack

A

Ashley Madison was a website that encouraged affairs; data leak indicated that the majority of site users were male, and most female users were bots

21
Q

How many men vs women reported having affairs in America?

A

21% of men and 15% of women

22
Q

In the US, intercourse is very phallocentric. What does this mean?

A

Real sex is considered penetrative sex and revolves around his orgasm

23
Q

What is cunnilingus and what is it considered to be?

A

Oral sex to stimulate the vulva; considered foreplay

24
Q

What is a technical virgin?

A

Young women who, in a desire to preserve their virginity, engage in everything but vaginal intercourse (e.g., Bill Clinton and Monica Lewinsky)

25
Q

According to the National Opinion Research Centre (NORC), who is more likely to think about sex?

A

Men (54%) vs women (19%)

26
Q

What are the differences between male and female sexual fantasies?

A

Men tend to fantasize about strangers, often more than one at a time, doing a variety of well-scripted sexual acts; women tend to fantasize about the mood

27
Q

What is paraphilias

A

Abnormal/deviant sexual desires and behaviours (exhibitionism, fetishism, sexual sadism, etc.)

28
Q

Adrienne Rich

A

Coined the term compulsory heterosexuality, which refers to the multitude of interactions/expectations that people are heterosexual

29
Q

How was homosexuality historically described?

A

An interior androgyny or hermaphroditism of the soul

30
Q

During Freud’s era, how was homosexuality thought to occur?

A

Male homosexuality is manifested by effeminacy, and lesbianism by masculine affectations (products of early childhood socialization)

31
Q

What are “commonsense” assumptions

A

That gay men and lesbians are gender nonconformists

32
Q

What were the Stonewall riots and when did they take place

A

In 1969, gay men fought back against police who were raiding a NYC gay bar

33
Q

What is the Kinsey scale

A

used to rate sexual subjects from 0 (heterosexual) to 6 (homosexual), where 3 = bisexual

34
Q

What is the same-sex attraction phenomenon in women

A

Common and unassociated with lesbianism/bisexual identification, posits women represent a characteristically female sexual fluidity

35
Q

What is stone butch?

A

Focuses on pleasuring one’s partner, but prefers not to be touched themselves

36
Q

Humphreys and Kennet

A

Developed the sexual consent scale

37
Q

Why would men engage in unwanted sexual intercourse?

A

1) being enticed, 2) because they want sexual experience, something to talk about, or to build their confidence, 3) afraid of seeming unmasculine, and 4) peer pressure

38
Q

When did sexology emerge?

A

In the 1900s, focused on what constituted normal sex and how people expressed sexuality

39
Q

Who are the users of Viagra?

A

Men aged 18-45 are the fastest growing user group, despite the drug initially being targeted toward older men

40
Q

What is the percentage of children who have viewed porn online?

A

25-40%

41
Q

What were the views of feminists on porn in the 1980s

A

Believed there was little pornographic content made by women and for women, and argued that pornography expressed a culture of wide-hatred and contempt for women

42
Q

What were the arguments against feminist views on porn in the 1980s

A

Some said that it is normal to watch porn for sexual pleasure, and other feminists asserted that pornography is important in removing taboos about the sexuality of women (asserts the fact that women also enjoy sex)

43
Q

Is the a consensus on the connection between negative attitudes toward women and consumption of pornography?

A

No

44
Q

What did a 2015 study on the connection between porn and attitudes toward women find?

A

Male porn users have more egalitarian attitudes than non-users

45
Q

What did a 2013 study on the connection between porn and attitudes toward women find?

A

Men who watched a lot of porn had less egalitarian views

46
Q

What did a 2014 study conclude on the relationship between porn and men’s happiness?

A

Frequent porn-viewing was associated with lower relationship satisfaction, more gender role conflict, and less sexual satisfaction

47
Q

What does pornography exagerrate?

A

The masculinization of sex

48
Q

What is the average age of first intercourse in the US?

A

14.3 years, with almost half reporting sexual intercourse

49
Q

What was the Social Purity Movement and when did it rise to prominence?

A

In the 1990s, promoted traditional gender roles and raised the importance of virginity/abstinence

SOCI 303 (5 decks)

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