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Animal Behavior > Sexual Selection > Flashcards

Sexual Selection Flashcards

1
Q

Sexual selection

A

a special case of natural selection related to the evolution of sexual characteristics

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2
Q

Primary sexual characteristics

A

differences in male and female genitalia

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3
Q

Secondary sexual characteristics

A

traits that attract mates competition or attraction

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4
Q

Intrasexual competition

A

same sex competition for mating/reproduction

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5
Q

Intersexual competition

A

members of one sex choose the opposite sex member for mating/reproduction

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6
Q

What are the 3 principles of Bateman’s principle?

A

1) females are choosy & males are indiscriminate
2) variation in male reproductive success
3) degree of parental investment is inversely related to reproductive success (defined as total number of offspring produced during the selection episode)

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7
Q

Sex with greatest investment has least __________ in reproductive success

A

variability

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8
Q

Investment in each offspring is _________, thus increase in one results in _______ in another

A

independent

decrease

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9
Q

What is included in the total parental investment per season?

A

sum of investments in all offspring

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10
Q

Average investment

A

total investment divided by the # of offspring

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11
Q

How is the degree of sexual competition in males calculated?

A

the ratio of the number of offspring

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12
Q

Sexual selection is strong in __________ and ____________ species

A

Polygamous

Polyandrous

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13
Q

________ __________ in reproductive success increase sexual selective pressure for secondary sexual characteristics

A

Greater variation

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14
Q

Promotes _________ selection for traits size or signal intensity

A

directional

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15
Q

What are the 4 classes of evolutionary models based on female choice?

A

1) direct benefits
2) good genes
3) runaway selection
4) sensory exploitation

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16
Q

Unifying theme of female mate choice theory is that choice is under ______ _______, thus _________ is linked to reproductive success

A

genetic control

behavior

17
Q

What is one example of direct benefits in mate choice?

A

scorpion flies providing nuptial gifts in the form of food during mating

18
Q

What is one example of good genes in mate choice?

A

pronghorn antelope females selecting males based on harem defenders (on with most favorable traits)

19
Q

What does Zuk-Hamilton’s model of parasite resistance state?

A

traits are true indicators of genetic quality are superior

20
Q

When and who devised the model of male fitness?

A

in 1982 by Kirkpatrick

21
Q

Females come in two __________ based types and the elaborate male trait is _________ based.

A

genetically x2

22
Q

What is an example of a sensory bias and mate choice?

A

preference in frog mating call (Ryan in 1990)

chose low frequency call over normally selected mating call

23
Q

Male trait is preferred initially because it elicits a prior held sensory/neurobiological bias, then it becomes associated with mate choice secondarily. What model does this represent?

A

sensory bias and mate choice

24
Q

Sexual imprinting

A

early social experience that affects species recognition in adults during courtship and mating

25
Q

What are the 3 types of imprinting?

A

1) Filial
2) Sexual
3) Chemical

26
Q

Filial imprinting

A

following response, preference for imprinted object

27
Q

Sexual imprinting

A

mating preference

28
Q

Chemical imprinting

A

site preference, usually for egg laying

29
Q

Mate-choice copying

A

female preferences is affected other female choice in the population

30
Q

Who found out that in grouse leks had a correlation between number of matings and tendency for females to copy?

A

Gibson in 1992

31
Q

Intrasexual selection processes are ____ risk among competitors.

A

high

32
Q

Male’s reproductive success in red deer is dependent with _____ ____ and _____. Discovered in 1982 by _______-______.

A

> body size
age
Clutton-Brock

33
Q

Curvilinear function

A

immature and older males show lower reproduction rates than males at peak physical fitness

34
Q

Male-male competition by interference

A

female incite male competition to increase probability of mating with high ranking males

35
Q

_________ comparison shows association between sexual dimorphism & harem size in pinnipeds

A

Phylogenetic

Animal Behavior (4 decks)

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