Sexual Reproduction | Lesson 8

Question 1

Moss reproduction

Answer 1

• haploid until fertilization

* male + female gametophyte

Question 2

Fern reproduction

Answer 2

• mature gametophyte male + female

* haploid until fertilization

Question 3

Gymnosperm sexual reproduction process (conifers)

Answer 3

Seed grows, pollen, male cone + female ovulate cone → megaspore w/ female gametophyte + sperm nucleus → seed

Question 4

Angiosperm pollination strategies

Answer 4

Gymnosperms are wind pollinated

Insect pollination

Question 5

Angiosperm sexual reproduction process – double fertilization

Answer 5

1. ovary/female: megaspore mother cell divide by meiosis into 4 haploid megaspores. 3 die, last produces gametophyte w/ egg cell, 2 synergid cells, central cell + 3 antipodal cells
2. anther/male: split = male gametophyte (pollen) w/ generative all + large pollen tube cell
3. Double fertilization: both sperm into female gametophyte = 1 embryo + 1 fertilized polar nuclei for food

Question 6

Types of seed dormancy

Answer 6

Physical dormancy
Mechanical dormancy
Chemical dormancy
Physiological dormancy
Morphological dormancy

Question 7

Physical dormancy

Answer 7

Seed coat impermeable to water

Question 8

Mechanical dormancy

Answer 8

Permeable, but too hard for embryo to break

Question 9

Chemical dormancy

Answer 9

Inhibitors surround embryo

Question 10

Physiological dormancy

Answer 10

Embryo dormant

Question 11

Morphological dormancy

Answer 11

Underdeveloped embryo

Question 12

Breaking mechanical dormancy

Answer 12

Remove physical + morphological rub down outside. Ex sandpaper

Question 13

Breaking chemical dormancy

Answer 13

Sulfuric acid: physical
Bleach: chemical
Gibberellic acid: chemical
Not water: physical

Question 14

Breaking temperature dormancy

Answer 14

Cold scarification: physiological

Question 15

Direct seeding

Answer 15

Start outside

Question 16

Indirect seeding

Answer 16

Nursery

Question 17

Environmental conditions for germination

Answer 17

Moisture
Temperature
Light

Question 18

Transplanting and hardening off

Answer 18

Into ground, into larger pots
Rootbound - split at bottom before transplant
Hardening off slowly accommodate to outside environment