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Botany > sexual reproduction in flowering plants > Flashcards

sexual reproduction in flowering plants Flashcards

1
Q

____ deals with the mechanism of origin and pattern of early development of a plant

A

embyology

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2
Q

who is the father of plant embrology

A

C F Wolf

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3
Q

CF Wolf is fater of?

A

plant embryology

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4
Q

____ is the father of indian plant embryology

A

P. Maheshwari

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5
Q

P Maheshwari is father of

A

indian plant embyology

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6
Q

according to ___ , anther is ___ reproductive organ and ___ is the site of reproduction

A

N Grew
Male
flower

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7
Q

____ era is the ____ period of angiosperms

A

coenozoic era

golden

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8
Q

sexual reproduction in plant is studied in ____ of family ____

A

Capsella bursa pastoris

Brassicaceae

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9
Q

which family does capsella bursa pastoris belong to

A

brassicaceae

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10
Q

capsella bursa pastoris is a ____ weed, growing in ___ season

A

annual

winter

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11
Q

capsella bursa pastoris is homosporous or heterosporous

A

heterosporous

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12
Q

name the 2 spores in herterosporus condition

A

microspore

megaspore

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13
Q

megaspore forms ___ gametophyte

A

female

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14
Q

microspore forms ___ gametophyte

A

male

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15
Q

when microspore mother cell performs meiosis, it forms___

A

microspore or pollen grain or male gametophyte

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16
Q

in angiosperms, gamete formation is ___, from he sporophytic plant body

A

indirect

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17
Q

which fertilization event is a characteristic feature of angiosperms

A

double ferilization

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18
Q

unit of androecium is called

A

stamen (microsporophyll)

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19
Q

name the 3 parts of stamen

A

filament
connective
anther

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20
Q

which are the sterile parts of stamen

A

fliament

connective

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21
Q

__ part of stamen has microsporangium or pollen sac

A

anther

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22
Q

___ is the fertile part of stamen

A

anther

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23
Q

no of lobes of anther

A

2

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24
Q

each lobe of anther is differentated into ___

A

2 pollen chambers

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25
Q

2 other names for pollen chamber

A

theca or microsporangia

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26
Q

each lobe of anther is __

A

dithecus

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27
Q

anther is __sporangiate

A

tetrasporangiate

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28
Q

in ___ family, anther is monothecous, thus it is ____sporangiate

A

malvaceae (like china rose and lady finger)

bisporangiate

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29
Q

the smallest angiospermic plant is ___ and it is ___sporangiate

A

wolfia

bisporangiate

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30
Q

___ is the smallest leafless parasite and it has ___ anther

A

Arceuthobium

monosporangiate

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31
Q

mature anther is differentiated into __and ___

A

sporangial wall

sporogeneous tissue

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32
Q

young anther is __ shape and becomes __ chambered at maturity

A

oval

4 chambered

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33
Q

give the features of primary archesporial cell

A

large sized cells
dense cytoplasm
large and dark nucleus

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34
Q

by periclinal division of primary archesporial cell, __&__ are formed

A

primary parietal cell

primary sporogeneous cell

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35
Q

primary parietal later forms ___ by __divisions

A

sporangial wall

by periclinal and anticlinal division

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36
Q

wall of sporangium is differentiated into

A

epithelium
endothecium (single layer)
middle layer (1-3 layer)
tapetum (1 layer)

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37
Q

primary sporogeneous cell forms

A

sporogeneous tissue

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38
Q

sporogenous tissue formed by the primary sporogeneous cell gives rise to ___

A

pollen mother cell or microspore mother cell

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39
Q

microspore mother cell performs __or___ to form microspores or pollen grains

A

meiosis

microsporogenesis

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40
Q

name the site of dehiscence of sporangium

A

stromium

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41
Q

In ___ plant, due to the presence of ____, epidermis is known as exothecium

A

Areceuthobium

Fiberous thickening

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42
Q

Endothecium is found below

A

Epidermis

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43
Q

Outermost layer formed by primary parietal cell

A

Endothecium

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44
Q

Endothecium is ___ layered

A

Single

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45
Q

In endothecium, outer layer is ____

A

Thin

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46
Q

In endothecium, radial and inner wall are ____ due to presence of

A

Thick

Fiberous alpha cellulose

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47
Q

On radial wall of cells of endothecium, deposition of ____ is present

A

Callose

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48
Q

Due to presence of fiberous thickening, endothecium is ___ in nature

A

Hygroscopic in nature

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49
Q

At the place of ___, there is no cellulose fibers and callose on walls of endothecium

A

Strontium

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50
Q

____ is place of dehiscence of sporangium

A

Stromium

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51
Q

Middle layer of wall of anther is present between

A

Endothecium and tapetum

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52
Q

Middle layer is ____ layered

A

1 to 3

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53
Q

Function of middle layer of anther

A

Used in nutrition of developing micro spores , with the help of tapetum

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54
Q

Middle layer is __ in nature

A

Parenchymatous

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55
Q

Middle layer is ___ lived

A

Short lived

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56
Q

In ___ anther, middle layer is absent

A

Mature

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57
Q

—— is innermost layer of sporangial wall

A

Tapetum

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58
Q

Tapetum is present just outer to ___

A

Sporogenesis tissue

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59
Q

Initially, tapetum is ____, but at maturity of anther, it becomes _____ due to ____ or ____

A

Diploid
Polyploid
Endomitosis or free nuclear division

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60
Q

Tapetum is aka

A

Nutritive tissue

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61
Q

Tapetum is ___ layeres

A

Single

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62
Q

Besides nutrition, tapetum also helps in (4)

A

Sporopollenin formation
Pollen kit formation
Secretion of enzymes and hormones
Helps in meiosis of microspore mother cell

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63
Q

At the time of ____, tapetum is absent in anther

A

Dehiscence

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64
Q

Tapetum is ___ in nature

A

Multifunctional

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65
Q

Name the 2 types of tapetum

A

Ameboid tapetum

Glandular tapetum

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66
Q

Ameboid tapetum is present in ___ angiosperms

A

Primitive

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67
Q

In maximum angiosperms, ___ tapetum is present

A

Glandular

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68
Q

Example of organisms which ameboid tapetum

A

Typha
Alisma
Tradescantia

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69
Q

Example of organisms which have glandular tapetum

A

Capsella

70
Q

Which is the invasive or periplasmodial tapetum

A

Ameboid

71
Q

___ tapetum is short lived

A

Ameboid

72
Q

Glandular tapetum is aka ____

A

Secretory tapetum

73
Q

____ tapetum is long lived

A

Glandular

74
Q

Read this 🐸

A

Ameboid tapetum absorbs all the food material from the middle layer and converts it into protoplast bodies
These bodies form periplasmodium or periplasmodial bodies and are transferred to sporangium to provide nutrition

75
Q

Read this

A

In glandular type of tapetum there is no storage of food and the food absorbed from middle layer is transferred to sporangium directly

76
Q

____ tapetum is long lived

A

Glandular

77
Q

Before disintegration, tapetum forms

A

Proubisch body

78
Q

After proubisch body is surrounded by sporopollenin, it is converted to __aka___

A

Ubisch body

Orbicules

79
Q

In microsporangium, ubisch body is deposited on ____

A

Exine

80
Q

Sporopollenin is a complex biopolymer of ___

A

Carotenoids

81
Q

Read this ⚓️🚀🚁

A

Sporopollenin is resistant to physical chemical and biological disintegration

82
Q

Sporopollenin helps in

A

Fertilization of pollen grains

83
Q

Pollen kit is formed by

A

Lipid and carotenoid

84
Q

Pollen kit is ___ in nature and helps in attachment of pollen grains to insect body ie it is helpful in

A

Hydrophobic

Insect pollination

85
Q

What is microsporogenesis

A

In sporangium microspore mother cell, undergo meiosis and form microspore

86
Q

Microspores are present on ___ form

A

Tetrad form (4 spore groups)

87
Q

Tetrad May be __(5) shape

A 
Tetrahedral
Isobilateral
Liner
Deccussate 
T shape
88
Q

In ____ plant, all the types of tetrad are present

A

Aristolochia elegans

89
Q

Initially, all the microspores are attached with each other with the help of ____ . But at the time of pollination, microspores are separated by action of ___ enzyme which is secretes by ____

A

Callose
Callase
Tapetum

90
Q

In dicots, meiosis two of microspore mother cell is ___ type

A

Simultaneous

91
Q

In monocots, meiosis two of microspore mother cell is ___ type

A

Successive type

92
Q

In dicotes, microspore are arranged in ___ shape

A

Tetrahedral tetrad

93
Q

In monocots, microspores are arranged in ___ shape

A

Isobilateral tetrad

94
Q

Deccussate arrangement of microspores is seen in

A

Magnolia

95
Q

Linear arrangement of microspores is seen in

A

Halophila

96
Q

T shape arrangement of microspores is seen in

A

Aristolochia

97
Q

Pollen grain in ___ shape

A

Spherical

98
Q

Diameter of pollen grain

A

25-50 micrometer

99
Q

Pollen grain is surrounded by ___ layers namely

A

2
Exine
Intine

100
Q

Describe intine of pollen grain

A

Soft
Thin
Elastic

101
Q

Intine of pollen grain is made of

A

Cellulose

Pectin

102
Q

What is germ pore

A

At a few places on pollen grain, exine is absent or present in a thin layer these places are called germ pore

103
Q

Intine comes out in the form of ___or___

A

Germ tube

Pollen tube

104
Q

Number of germ pores ,___,___ helps in ____

A

Shape of pores
Ornamentation
Taxonomy

105
Q

In dicotes, pollen grains have 3 ___ chapped germ pore and it is called ____ condition

A

Circular or lens shaped

Tricolpate

106
Q

In monocots there is ___ germ pores present called ___ and it is ___ condition

A

Single
Germinal furrow
Monocolpate

107
Q

Study of pollen grain is called

A

Palynology

108
Q

Father of palynology

A

Erdtmann

109
Q

Father of Indian palynology

A

P K Nair

110
Q

Development of anther is ___ type

A

Eusporangiate type

Development from a group of cells

111
Q

___ is first cell of male gametophyte

A

Microspore

112
Q

What is precocious or insitu germination

A

Germination of male gametophyte starts when microspores are present in microsporangium before dehiscence

113
Q

Before pollination development of male gametophyte is ___ ie ____

A

Insitu

At Mother place

114
Q

The smaller nucleus in a mature pollen grain is ___ and is found ____ and the larger nucleus is called ___

A

Generative nucleus
Found near the wall of pollen grain
Vegetative nucleus

115
Q

Vegetative nucleus is aka

A

Tube nucleus

116
Q

Tube nucleus involves ___

A

Formation and growth of pollen tube

117
Q

Unequal cytokinesis results in formation of large sized ___ cell aka ____ and smaller cell called ____ aka ___

A

Vegetative cell
Siphonogenous cell
Generative cell
Spermatogenous cell

118
Q

In 60% angiosperms, pollination takes place at 2 celled stage and in remaining angiosperms it was takes place at ____ celled stage

A

3

119
Q

Development of male gametophyte after in situ development takes place at

A

Stigma of gynoecium

120
Q

How does the intine come into the style in the form of pollen tube

A

Pollen grain absorbs moisture and sugar substances and so the volume of the pollen grain increases
As a result the exine breaks and intine comes out in the form of pollen tube

121
Q

In pollen tube, first, ____ cell enters which is at terminal positon and then ___ cell enters

A

Vegetative cell

Generative cell

122
Q

In pollen tube, ___ cell divides mitotically and forms two non Motile male gametes

A

Generative

123
Q

Male gametophyte is ___ celled composed of ____

A

3

I vegetative cells and 2 male gametes

124
Q

Unit of female sex organ

A

Carpel

125
Q

Carpel is aka

A

Megasporohyll

126
Q

___ is receptive part of gynoecium

A

Stigma

127
Q

Ovules are aka

A

Integumented megasporangium

128
Q

Ovules are attached on

A

Placentas

129
Q

Just read this 👩🏻‍💻💆🏻‍♀️

A

In capsella, ovary is bicarpellary, syncarpous, superior ovary, unilocular but becomes bilocular due to formation of false septum called
Replum

130
Q

___ is main part of ovule

A

Nucellus

131
Q

___ is region of ovule which lacks integument

A

Micropyle

132
Q

___(2)+___= egg aparatus

A

Synergids

Egg cell

133
Q

In most of the cases, nucellus is utilized during development of embryo but in few cases it remains inside the ovule in the form of a thin layer called

A

Perisperm

134
Q

Perisperm is found in

A

Black pepper
Ginger
Turmeric
Castor

135
Q

___ is a type of third integument which is developed from funical
At the base of ovule

A

Aril

136
Q

Aril example

A

Edible part of litchi

137
Q

Arillodes are developed from ____ and grow downwards and cover ____

A

Tip of outer integument

Cover entire ovule

138
Q

Eg of arillodes

A

Pithicolobium

139
Q

Sarcotesta is __\

A

Outer fleshy integument

140
Q

Sarcotesta is found in____ family

A

Magnoliaceae family

141
Q

Caruncle is aka

A

Strophiole

142
Q

Just read this. It’s important.

A

Caruncle is formed by outgrowth of outer integument and covers micropyle eg.castor.
It contains sugary substances and help in germination and dispersal of seeds by ants known as myrmecochory

143
Q

What is myrmecochory

A

Despersal of seeds by ants

144
Q

___ is a unicellular thread like structure which develops from ____ and is present on testa. Such seed are known as ___ seeds

A

Coma
Outer integument
Camose

145
Q

Egs of coma

A

Callotropis

Cotton

146
Q

Type of ovule on the basis of number of integuments

A

Unitegmic
Bitegmic
Ategmic

147
Q

Type of ovule on the basis of amount of nucellus

A

Teninnucellate

Crassinucleate

148
Q

Type of ovule on the basis of relative position of micropyle, chalaza, funicle and shape of embryo

A 
Orthotropus
Anatropus
Hemitropus 
Amphitropus 
Campylotropus 
Circinotropus
149
Q

Examples of unitegmic ovule

A

Gymnosperms

Gamopetaleae of dicots

150
Q

Examples of bitegmic ovule

A

Monocots

Polypetaleae of monocots

151
Q

Examples of ategmic ovary

A

Olax
Loranthus
Santalum

152
Q

Examples of tenninnucellate ovary

A

Gamopetaleae

153
Q

Examples of crassinucellate ovary

A

Polypetaleae of monocots

154
Q

Orthotropus ovule is aka(3)

A

Atropus
Straight or upright ovule
Symmetrical ovule

155
Q

____ is the simple and primitive type of ovule

A

Orthotropus

156
Q

Orthotropus ovule is seen in

A

Gymnosperms
Betal
Polygonum

157
Q

Anatropus is a __ ovule

A

Inverted

158
Q

____ is a typical type of ovule

A

Anatropus

159
Q

Ovule is placed at 180 degrees with funical in ____ ovule

A

Anatropus

160
Q

___ ovule is found in maximum angiosperms and in peas but not in capsella

A

Anatropus

161
Q

Hemitropus ovule is aka

A

Hemianatropus

Horizontal ovule

162
Q

Example of ovule which are hemitropus

A

Ranunculus

Primula

163
Q

In ___ ovule, embryo becomes horse shoe shaped

A

Amphitropus

164
Q

Amphitropus ovule is ___ in structure

A

Double curved ovule

165
Q

Amphitropus ovule is found in

A

Mimosa
Lemna
Alisma
Poppy

166
Q

In which ovule, micropyle and chalaza are not in a straight line and micropyle is near the funicle

A

Campylotropus

167
Q

Campylotropus ovule is found in

A

Bassicaeceae
Leguminaceae (except peas)
Capsella

168
Q

In circinotropus ovule,

Ovule is present at ____ with funicle

A

360 degrees

169
Q

In____ ovule, funicle is elongated and covers ovule form each side

A

Circinotropus

170
Q

Circinotropus ovule is found in

A

Cactaeceae family (opuntia)

Botany (5 decks)

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