Sexual Reproduction In Animals

Question 1

How are gametes formed?

Answer 1

Gamete formation involves meiosis, a reduction division of the nucleus which halves the normal number of chromosomes and singles out the set of genetic information that will contribute to the new individual.

Question 2

Are gametes haploid or diploid?

Answer 2

Gametes are haploid, and diploid is restored upon fertilisation to form the zygote.

Question 3

What is fertilisation?

Answer 3

Fertilisation is the fusion to two gametes. The requirements for fertilisation are that the egg and sperm are mature at the same time and that they are bought into close proximity.

Question 4

What is the difference between internal and external fertilisation?

Answer 4

Internal fertilisation is mostly with land animals, sperm swim in semen and they may have internal or external development. However external fertilisation occurs in most aquatic animals (frogs) whereby the gametes are shed into water and there is no parental care.

Question 5

What is the function of the female reproductive system?

Answer 5

Structures of the female reproductive system produce female gamete, ova, and maintain the fertilised ovum through it last period of embryonic development.

1. Production of eggs (through ovulation and discharge of mature egg)
2. Produce female sex hormone oestrogen
3. Site of internal development (pregnancy)

Question 6

What is the function of the ovaries?

Answer 6

Female gonads which produce eggs and sex hormones

Question 7

What is the name of the structure in the ovary that makes the egg and progesterone ?

Answer 7

Follicles

Question 8

What is the Oocyte?

Answer 8

The developing egg

Question 9

What is the role of the Fallopian tubes ?

Answer 9

Conducts the egg towards the uterus; site of fertilisation

Question 10

What is the function of the uterus ?

Answer 10

Female organ where the foetus developed, site of implantation

Question 11

What is the name of the female copulatory gland (receiving site of male gamete and birth canal)

Answer 11

The vagina

Question 12

What is the role of the male reproductive organ ?

Answer 12

Reproductive role of the male is to produce, maintain and transport sperm and deliver them to the female and to produce the secret the male sex hormones

1. Productive of sperm ( trough spermatogenesis and discharged through ejaculation)
2. Production of male hormones (testosterone)

Question 13

What is the name of the male gonads which produce sorry and sex hormones ?

Answer 13

The testis

Question 14

What is the function of the scrotum?

Answer 14

The scrotum suspends the testes for cooling below normal body temperature

Question 15

What is the function of the epididymis ?

Answer 15

Collects and matures sperm to become motile

Question 16

What structure is responsible for transporting sperm to the urethra?

Answer 16

The Vas Deferens

Question 17

What is the function of the penis ?

Answer 17

Carries semen and urine, injects sperm into the vagina of the female - ejaculation

Question 18

What structure produces nourishing fluid ?

Answer 18

Seminal vesicles

Question 19

What is the role of the prostate gland?

Answer 19

Produces alkaline secretion which neutralises urethral and vaginal acids and activates sperm

Question 20

What are the 3 male hormones?

Answer 20

1. Testosterone
2. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
3. Luteinising Hormone (LH)

Question 21

What is the role of testosterone?

Answer 21

Secreted by the testes. Development of male sex organs and secondary sex characteristic, maturation of sperm.

Question 22

What is the reduction of FSH?

Answer 22

Secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Stimulates sperm development.

Question 23

What is the role of the LH hormone?

Answer 23

Secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Responsible for stimulating secretion of testosterone.