Sexual Reproduction Flashcards
What does sexual reproduction involve?
Process of making and fusing together of male and female sex cells.
What are the sex cells called?
Gametes ( egg and sperm )
What does SR requires?
Two parent organisms
Will the offspring be genetically be identical?
The offspring will share genes with the parents,
it will not be genetically identical to either of them.
simple term of sexual reproduction
two different cells combine, and produce an offspring
cell involved are called
Sex cells
Gametes
Female
Male
Egg
Sperm
What is fertilization?
An egg cell and a sperm cell joined together and new cell formed called zygote
What is the new cell formed called?
Zygote
Advances of diverse offspring - animals (1):
diverse offspring:
- Half DNA from mum
- Half DNA from dad
= individual population have slight differences
Advances of diverse offspring - plants (1):
- Resist diseases
- Traits can develop to resist harsh environments and allow organism to survive
Advances of selective breeding for- animals (2)
- Used to develop many types of plants and animals that have desirable traits
Advances of selective breeding for- farming (2)
Agriculture/Farming- better plants, larger animals
Desirable pets
Disadvantages: (4)
- Time & Energy
need to grow and develop old enough to produce sex cells - Search a mate
- Searching = exposure to diseases, harsh environment, predator
- Fertilisation cannot take place during pregnancy ( long as 2 years for some )
Disadvantages quick 4
- Time & Energy
- Mate
- Searching
- Fertilisation NO pregnancy
Advantages quick 4 (3)
- diverse offspring
- selective breeding = desirable traits
- advantages for farming
What is asexual reproduction?
One parent produce offspring without fertilisation
Uniform offspring
Offspring inherit all of their DNA from one parent
GENETICALLY IDENTICAL to each other and parent
Fission: Asexual Reproduction
meaning
& PROCESS
& examples
Cell division in prokaryotes that forms two genetically identical cells
- DNA is copied
- CM pinches inward the middle
- Cell split to form 2 uniform/ identical offspring
eg. Bacteria, Ecoli
Fragmentation of Asexual reproduction
example of producing
- new organism
- new body parts
- Regeneration: offspring grows from a piece of parent
- producing new organisms: sea star.
- body parts: tadpoles, hydra, crabs
Advantages of Asexual Reproduction (4)
- No mate
- No waste energy or time
- Organisms rapidly reproduce
- Uniform offspring
Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction
- No genetic variation
= less survival in harsh condition
-Dangerous mutation in DNA = off spring has it
How does SR work?
Meiosis
What is Meiosis
process of cell division = 4 cells having half the number of chromosomes as the OG cell