hard questions Flashcards
The organ that stores bile.
gallbadder
Physiological
adaptation affects body chemistry and metabolism?
role of pancreas
Provides additional enzymes(pancreatic juice) to help nutrients get absorbed by the small intestine.
Saliva contains this enzyme to start the digestive process
amylase
The acid in your stomach used for digestion.
hydrochloric
Bile is made by which digestive organ?
liver
Why do ruminants need multiple chambers within their stomach?
To process cellulose and fibre
What is the function of the caecum in a hindgut fermenter?
It holds food for fermentation by bacteria
Protein digestion begins in the
stomach
Where do substrates bind on an enzyme?
active site
What happens when enzymes are heated to a high temperature?
The shapes of the enzyme are altered or denatured
An enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction in the cell but can only be used once.
FALSE
epiglottis
A flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering.
What do the villi do?
Absorbs nutrients from food so the body has energy.
peristalsis
Muscle contraction that keep food moving alone in one direction through the digestive system.
The molecule an enzyme is working on is called thE
Substrate
2 functions Proteins
- ) They act like gatekeepers, only let certain things in.
2. ) Enzyme receptors embedded in the membrane.
Endocytosis
A general term for the various types of active transport that move particles into a cell by enclosing them in a vesicle made out of plasma membrane.
What is NOT TRUE about the cell membrane?
Contains digestive enzymes
Exocytosis
A form of bulk transport in which materials are transported from the inside to the outside of the cell in membrane-bound vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.
WHAT allow cells to recognise each other and act like ID tags.
Carbohydrates
How does carbon dioxide get into the leaves of a plant?
It enters through the stomata
The thylakoids in a chloroplast are formed in stacks called:
Grana
Which organisms perform Photosynthesis?
Only Autotrophs
Photosynthesis occurs in how many stages?
2
Keystone species
In a ecosystem, animals that are largely dependent and if removed the ecosystem would change drastically.
Trophic cascade
Predators limit the density of behaviour of their prey and thereby, enhancing the survival of the next lower trophic level.
Humans Keystone species ?
DONT maintain balance, destory or change balance. Sheet and iron would rust, affect more manmade things than animals itself.
Factors of cm
- Fexible/fluid
- Self-repair
- Bound organelles
- Binay fission
In aerobic celluar respiration, what are the three major steps?
- Glycolysis (in cytoplasm no oxygen required)
-Kerbs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Why does respiration rate increase during exercise?
Tend to breathe fast, so our muscles requires more energy and need more oxygen to make ATP. Therefp\ore we are increading our oxygen consumption.
Digestion is
catabolic - release energy (digestive)
Enzymes
Ezymes: the thing
substrance:going it
Product: the product
Anabolic
adding to make a product
Denaturing
Outside tolerant zone, it stops working.
Enzymes can be denatures, so it melts–>hot water
CANT ;LOCK INTO SUBSTRANT
TYPE OF DIGESTIVE
CARNIVORE: stomach is bigger smaller foregut herbivore short colon medium caecum
HERVIBORE:
small stomach
short small intensine
very LONG COLON
(NEED someonething to break down plant matter-
LARGEEEEEEEE nEEDS CAECUMMMMMM)
omnivore:
long colon
medium. short intensine
digestive enzyme compare to stomach enzyme have diff tolerant
STOMACH IS SUPER ACIDIC
WHAT DO WE REPLY ON
GUT BACTERIA
VILLI
greatly increasing the surface area for food absorption and adding digestive secretions.
three stages of cellular respiration
- GLYCOLSIS (CYTOPLAMS- no oxygen
- KERBS CYCLE (MITOCHONRIDA) -oxygen
- ELECTRAL TRANSPORT CHAIN (MITOCHONDRIA) -oxygen
King phillp Came Over For good sex
Kingdom Phylum cLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES
main kingdoms
Plantae
Animalia
Fungi, Protists
Bacteria/Monera
Genus
Species
Genus : Homo. Homo. Homo. Homo
Species : Sapien Nearderthal Erectus
naming
Genus
Species
Genus capitialised
Species lower case
Monogastric:
high in energy
low in fibre
Avian:
Crop-proventriculus-gizzard ( function like teeth)-cloaca
Ruminant
Reti-Oma-Abo-Rumen Mirco
High in fibre
Low in energy
Regurtinating (cud)
microorganism and ruminant: they are mualistic _ help each other.
compare pseudo and ruminants
both eat alot of rougage and rely on microbones
1 STOMACH, use cecum for digestion the pseduo (horse etc)
hyper
placed in high concentrated solute. water move by osmosis goes from red blood cell to the hypertonic solution causing cell to shink.
hypo
placed in low concentrated solute. water move by osmosis goes into red blood cell from the hypo solution causing cell to swell and burst- from high to low concentration.
