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hard questions Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The organ that stores bile.

A

gallbadder

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2
Q

Physiological

A

adaptation affects body chemistry and metabolism?

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3
Q

role of pancreas

A

Provides additional enzymes(pancreatic juice) to help nutrients get absorbed by the small intestine.

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4
Q

Saliva contains this enzyme to start the digestive process

A

amylase

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5
Q

The acid in your stomach used for digestion.

A

hydrochloric

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6
Q

Bile is made by which digestive organ?

A

liver

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7
Q

Why do ruminants need multiple chambers within their stomach?

A

To process cellulose and fibre

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8
Q

What is the function of the caecum in a hindgut fermenter?

A

It holds food for fermentation by bacteria

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9
Q

Protein digestion begins in the

A

stomach

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10
Q

Where do substrates bind on an enzyme?

A

active site

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11
Q

What happens when enzymes are heated to a high temperature?

A

The shapes of the enzyme are altered or denatured

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12
Q

An enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction in the cell but can only be used once.

A

FALSE

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13
Q

epiglottis

A

A flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering.

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14
Q

What do the villi do?

A

Absorbs nutrients from food so the body has energy.

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15
Q

peristalsis

A

Muscle contraction that keep food moving alone in one direction through the digestive system.

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16
Q

The molecule an enzyme is working on is called thE

A

Substrate

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17
Q

2 functions Proteins

A
  1. ) They act like gatekeepers, only let certain things in.

2. ) Enzyme receptors embedded in the membrane.

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18
Q

Endocytosis

A

A general term for the various types of active transport that move particles into a cell by enclosing them in a vesicle made out of plasma membrane.

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19
Q

What is NOT TRUE about the cell membrane?

A

Contains digestive enzymes

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20
Q

Exocytosis

A

A form of bulk transport in which materials are transported from the inside to the outside of the cell in membrane-bound vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.

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21
Q

WHAT allow cells to recognise each other and act like ID tags.

A

Carbohydrates

22
Q

How does carbon dioxide get into the leaves of a plant?

A

It enters through the stomata

23
Q

The thylakoids in a chloroplast are formed in stacks called:

A

Grana

24
Q

Which organisms perform Photosynthesis?

A

Only Autotrophs

25
Q

Photosynthesis occurs in how many stages?

A

2

26
Q

Keystone species

A

In a ecosystem, animals that are largely dependent and if removed the ecosystem would change drastically.

27
Q

Trophic cascade

A

Predators limit the density of behaviour of their prey and thereby, enhancing the survival of the next lower trophic level.

28
Q

Humans Keystone species ?

A

DONT maintain balance, destory or change balance. Sheet and iron would rust, affect more manmade things than animals itself.

29
Q

Factors of cm

A
  • Fexible/fluid
  • Self-repair
  • Bound organelles
  • Binay fission
30
Q

In aerobic celluar respiration, what are the three major steps?

A
  • Glycolysis (in cytoplasm no oxygen required)
    -Kerbs Cycle
    Electron Transport Chain
31
Q

Why does respiration rate increase during exercise?

A

Tend to breathe fast, so our muscles requires more energy and need more oxygen to make ATP. Therefp\ore we are increading our oxygen consumption.

32
Q

Digestion is

A

catabolic - release energy (digestive)

33
Q

Enzymes

A

Ezymes: the thing
substrance:going it
Product: the product

34
Q

Anabolic

A

adding to make a product

35
Q

Denaturing

A

Outside tolerant zone, it stops working.
Enzymes can be denatures, so it melts–>hot water
CANT ;LOCK INTO SUBSTRANT

36
Q

TYPE OF DIGESTIVE

A 
CARNIVORE: 
stomach is bigger
smaller foregut herbivore
short colon
medium caecum

HERVIBORE:
small stomach
short small intensine
very LONG COLON

(NEED someonething to break down plant matter-
LARGEEEEEEEE nEEDS CAECUMMMMMM)

omnivore:
long colon
medium. short intensine

37
Q

digestive enzyme compare to stomach enzyme have diff tolerant

A

STOMACH IS SUPER ACIDIC

38
Q

WHAT DO WE REPLY ON

A

GUT BACTERIA

39
Q

VILLI

A

greatly increasing the surface area for food absorption and adding digestive secretions.

40
Q

three stages of cellular respiration

A
  • GLYCOLSIS (CYTOPLAMS- no oxygen
  • KERBS CYCLE (MITOCHONRIDA) -oxygen
  • ELECTRAL TRANSPORT CHAIN (MITOCHONDRIA) -oxygen
41
Q 
King
phillp
Came
Over
For
good
sex
A 
Kingdom
Phylum
cLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
GENUS
SPECIES
42
Q

main kingdoms

A

Plantae
Animalia
Fungi, Protists
Bacteria/Monera

43
Q

Genus

Species

A

Genus : Homo. Homo. Homo. Homo

Species : Sapien Nearderthal Erectus

44
Q

naming

Genus
Species

A

Genus capitialised

Species lower case

45
Q

Monogastric:

A

high in energy

low in fibre

46
Q

Avian:

A

Crop-proventriculus-gizzard ( function like teeth)-cloaca

47
Q

Ruminant

A

Reti-Oma-Abo-Rumen Mirco

High in fibre
Low in energy
Regurtinating (cud)

microorganism and ruminant: they are mualistic _ help each other.

48
Q

compare pseudo and ruminants

A

both eat alot of rougage and rely on microbones

1 STOMACH, use cecum for digestion the pseduo (horse etc)

49
Q

hyper

A

placed in high concentrated solute. water move by osmosis goes from red blood cell to the hypertonic solution causing cell to shink.

50
Q

hypo

A

placed in low concentrated solute. water move by osmosis goes into red blood cell from the hypo solution causing cell to swell and burst- from high to low concentration.

Biology (7 decks)

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