Sexual offending

Question 1

Paraphilia (disorder)

Answer 1

Intense sexual interest in other things than genital stimuation from normal, cpnsenting and mature partners
–> disorder: causes distress for individual and risk or hamr for others

Question 2

Paraphilic preferences

Answer 2

Activity preferences:
–> courtship disorders: exhibitionism, frotteurism, voyeurism
–> algolagnic: sexual masochism and sadism
Target preferences:
–> children (pedophilia)
–> fetishism (objects)
–> transvestic fetishism (wearing clothes of different gender)

(zoophilia, gerontophilia, necrophilia, …)

Question 3

Exhibitionism

Answer 3

In DSM-5; to young females and strangers; in public: parks, street, …; high recidivism; recent studies: more nuisance; etiology –> few hypotheses: behavioral theory (classical conditioning), courtship disorder hypotheses (disfunction in development of sexual courtship); treatment: medication and psychotherapy

Question 4

Pedophilia + treatment

Answer 4

= sexual attraction towards children aged 13 or younger
–> not every pedophile is a child molester (they can choose not to be)
Very limited treatment (mostly with pedophiles who have already acted on their desire) –> for help seeking pedophiles also very limited treatment
–> Help seeking pedophiles: very limited bc of shame, fear, … (= difficult to do more research on the subject and treatment for it)

Question 5

Typologies (2)

Answer 5

1. Robertiello en Terry
   Common characteristics: low self esteem, physical unattractive, potency problems, …
   They want a mutual comforting relationship with child –> tend to groom (behaviour to manipulate child to comply with the sexual abuse) –< convince themselves that child likes it
2. MTC:CM3
   2 Axis:
   1: fixation and social competence
   –> high fixation, low competence: immature, problems with relationships and sexual development
   –> high fixation, high competence: succesfull people with high fixation on chuldren
   –> low fixation, low competence: passive, low sex drive –> do tend to go towards children
   –> low fixation, high competence: normal people with normal relationships and sexual experiences where there is something that causes a evolution towards deviant sexual behaviour

2: amount of contact with child
–> high: narcissistic (prioritizes their needs) , interpersonal (want a relationship with child)
–> low:
High injury: sadistic or non sadistic (a lot of agression)
Low injury: sadistic or non sadistic (needed for coöperation)

Question 6

Flag system

Answer 6

What is appropriate?
6 criteria:
Voluntariness
Mutual consent
Development
Equivalence
Impact
Context
–> acceptable, slightly transgressive, seriously transgressive, severely transgressive

Question 7

Assesment of pedophilia

Answer 7

Phallometry: tying a rope around penis and showing pictures of children so we can see if there is more bloodflow which means the person is aroused
–> only supportive experiment not conclusive

Choice reaction time: show a sexual stimulus and a second stimulus (ex. arrow) –> person has to click the key as fast as he can –> measure the reaction time –> delayed = distracted or aroused

Question 8

Risk assesment of pedophilia

Answer 8

STATIC-99R = risk of recidivism

Question 9

Adult sexual behaviour (defintion, prevalence, predators, recidivsm, treatment, cognitive distortions)

Answer 9

Rape = deed of sexual penetration without consent –> with or without violence
Sexual assault = broader term –_> sexual contact without consent
17 % of women experienced sexual assault
Predators are most likely people you know
Recidivism risk decreases the longer you are offense free
People have false ideas of sexual assault –> ex. married women cant be raped by husband, prostitutes cant be raped, …
Treatment: cognitive behavioral therapy, medication and social support