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Phase 3A content > Sexual health > Flashcards

Sexual health Flashcards

1
Q

Which fungus most commonly causes thrush?

A

Candida albicans

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2
Q

What are the typical symptoms of thrush?

A

Erythema
Non-offensive discharge
Itching

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3
Q

What is the discharge typically like in thrush?

A

White curd-like discharge
Non-offensive smelling

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4
Q

If the vaginal discharge has an offensive smell, is BV or thrush more likely?

A

Most likely to be BV

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5
Q

Name 3 risk factors for thrush.

A

Antibiotic use
Steroids
Diabetes mellitus

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6
Q

What is the appearance of thrush on the genitalia?

A

Erythema
Satellite lesions: red pustular lesions with superficial white/creamy plaques that can be scraped off
White, curd like discharge

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7
Q

What is the first line medical treatment of thrush?

A

Topical fluconazole/canestan

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8
Q

What is the treatment for recurrent thrush where topical antifungals does not work?

A

Oral fluconazole

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of BV?

A

Fishy smelling grey/white discharge. Not associated with soreness or itching
Can be asymptomatic

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10
Q

What are the most common causes of BV?

A

Over use of vaginal products such as douches and vaginal washes.

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11
Q

What is the pH of the vagina in BV?

A

Over 4.5

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12
Q

What is the management of BV?

A

Oral metronidazole for 5-7 days

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13
Q

What are the most common symptoms of chlamydia?

A

Vaginal discharge
Post coital/intermenstrual bleeding
Pelvic pain
Deep dyspareunia
Dysuria

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14
Q

What investigations are carried out in suspected chlamydia?

A

In women: vulvo-vaginal or endocervical swab.
In men: first catch urine sample or urethral swab

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15
Q

Treatment for chlamydia?

A

Doxycycline BD for 7 days

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?

A

Thin watery, yellow/green discharge
Dysuria
Dyspareunia
Lower abdo pain

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17
Q

What signs are seen on bi manual in someone with gonorrhoea?

A

Cervical bleeding
Pelvic tenderness
Mucopurulent endocervical discharge

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18
Q

What is the treatment for gonorrhoea?

A

1g Ceftriaxone
Follow up testing

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19
Q

What organism is syphilis caused by?

A

Treponema pallidum

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20
Q

What are the signs or primary syphilis?

A

Infectious hard ulcer under the skin (chancre)

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21
Q

What is the incubation period after exposure for primary syphilis?

A

2-3 weeks

22
Q

When does secondary syphilis develop after exposure?

A

3 months post infection

23
Q

What are the symptoms of secondary syphilis?

A

Skin rash on hands and soles of feet.
Fever
Malaise
Arthralgia
Weight loss
Headaches

24
Q

What are the investigations for syphilis?

A

Dark ground microscopy of chancre fluid
PCR testing of active lesion
Serology

25
Q

What is the management of early syphilis?

A

1 IM dose benzathine penicillin

26
Q

What is the management of late syphilis?

A

3 doses IM Benzathine penicillin at weekly intervals

27
Q

What areas does trichomonas affect in both men and women?

A

In women it affects: urethra, vagina and paraurethral glands
In men it affects: Urethra and under foreskin

28
Q

What type of organism is trichomonas?

A

A flagellated protozoan, which divides via binary fission.

29
Q

What is the appearance of the cervix in trichomonas infection?

A

Strawberry cervix

30
Q

What are the symptoms of trichomonas infection?

A

Offensive vaginal odour
Thick, frothy discharge
Itchiness of vulva

31
Q

Treatment of trichomoniasis?

A

2g of metronidazole orally in a single dose or
Metronidazole 400-500mg twice daily for 5-7days

32
Q

Which virus transmits genital herpes?

A

Herpes simplex virus

33
Q

What are the symptoms of genital herpes?

A

Burning and itching around the genitals
Painful red blisters around genitals

34
Q

What is the treatment for genital herpes?

A

Aciclovir

35
Q

How can HIV be transmitted?

A

Unprotected sex
Reusing needles
Medical procedures
Vertical transmission from mother to baby

36
Q

What is levonorgestrel?

A

An emergency contraception. It is a progesterone.

37
Q

When should levonorgestrel be taken to be effective as an emergency contraceptive?

A

Within 72 hours of UPSI

38
Q

If vomiting occurs within how many hours of taking levonogestrel must you take another dose?

A

Within 3 hours of taking you must take another dose as you are not protected.

39
Q

When can hormonal contraception be used after taking levonogestrel?

A

It can be stated immediately

40
Q

What is the mode of action of levonorgestrel?

A

It stops ovulation and inhibits implantation

41
Q

What is the mechanism of action of ulipristal?

A

It inhibits ovulation

42
Q

Within how long of UPSI can ulipristal be taken?

A

120 hours

43
Q

When should hormonal contraception be started or restarted after using ulipristal?

A

5 days after ulipristal as it can reduce the effectiveness of the contraception

44
Q

Which patients should you not give ulipristal to?

A

Those with severe asthma

45
Q

When can a copper IUD be used for UPSI?

A

Within 5 days of UPSi

46
Q

What is the mechanism of action of a Copper IUD in emergency contraception?

A

It prevents implantation and may inhibit fertilisation

47
Q

How long should the copper IUD be left in for if used for emergency contraception?

A

Until at least the next period.

48
Q

Name 9 absolute contraindications for the COCP.

A

Over 35 years old and smoking more than 15 a day
Migraine with aura
History of VTE
History of stroke of IHD
Breast feeding or < 6weeks post-partum
Uncontrolled hypertension
Current breast cancer
Major surgery with prolonged immobilisation
Positive antiphospholipid antibodies (SLE)

49
Q

Name 7 UKMEC 3 criteria for COCP.

A

Over 35 smoking less than 15 a day
BMI over 35
FHx of VTE in relatives under 45
Controlled hypertension
Immobility
Carrier of BRCA1 or 2
Current gall bladder disease

50
Q

Why is the COCP contraindicated in migraine with aura?

A

Increases risk of stroke

Phase 3A content (15 decks)

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