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Phase 3A content > Paeds MSK > Flashcards

Paeds MSK Flashcards

1
Q

What is osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

No collagen being formed in the bones (brittle bone disease)

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2
Q

How is OI inherited?

A

Autosomal dominant

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3
Q

What are the clinical features of OI?

A

Presents in childhood
Multiple fractures
Blue/grey sclera
Bones with altered shape

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4
Q

Results of calcium, phosphate and PTH for OI>

A

Usually within the normal range

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5
Q

Management of OI?

A

Physio when symptoms occur
Pamidronate
Zoledronic acid

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6
Q

What is rickets?

A

Severe vitamin D deficiency resulting in failure of mineralisation of bone at the growth plates of long bones

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7
Q

Clinical features of rickets in toddlers?

A

Delayed growth
Bone pain
Bone deformity
leg bowing in toddlers

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8
Q

What do blood tests show in rickets?

A

Decreased: Calcium, phosphorus, calcidiol, calcitriol and urinary calcium
Increased: PTH, ALP and urinary phosphorus

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9
Q

Management of rickets?

A

If patient is hypocalcaemic give IV calcium infusion.
Oral calcium and vit D supplementation until levels return to normal

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10
Q

What are the risk factors for DDH?

A

Breech after 32 weeks
Oligohydramnios
Female
Family history

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11
Q

Which tests are used to look for DDH?

A

Barlows and Ortolani’s

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12
Q

When does a baby require an USS for DDH?

A

Breech after 36 weeks no matter delivery
Multiple pregnancy
First degree FHx of hip problems
Or positive Barlows and Ortolani’s

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13
Q

What is the management of DDH over 4-5 months?

A

Pavlik harness (dynamic flexion abduction orthosis)

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14
Q

What is perthes disease?

A

Avascular necrosis of the proximal femoral epiphysis in children

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15
Q

When does perthes most commonly occur?

A

Ages 4-10

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16
Q

Loss of what movements of the hip is characteristic of perthes?

A

Internal rotation
Abduction

17
Q

What are the clinical features of perthes disease?

A

Limp
Hip stiffness (loss of internal rotation and abduction)
Pain
Antalgic gait
Muscle spasms
Leg length discrepancy

18
Q

What are the investigations for Perthes disease?

A

Bilateral AP pelvic X-ray

19
Q

What is the management of Perthes?

A

Typically conservative:
Observation
Casting
Activity limitation
Analgesia
If over 8 then surgery.

20
Q

What age does slipped capital femoral epiphysis tend to affect?

A

10-15 years

21
Q

Which movements are restricted in SCFE?

A

Loss of internal rotation in FLEXIOn

22
Q

What settings does SCFE present?

A

May present following trauma or could present chronically with persistent symptoms

23
Q

What is the management of SCFE?

A

Internal fixation
A single cannulated screw places in the centre of the epiphysis

24
Q

What is transient synovitis?

A

Intermittent inflammatory disorder of the synovium of the hip

25
Q

What are the symptoms of transient synovitis?

A

Limp
Pain
Muscle spasms
Limited range of movement

26
Q

What is the most common preceeding illness in transient synovitis?

A

URTI

27
Q

What is the management of transient synovitis?

A

Self limiting: rest and analgesia.

28
Q

What is juvenile idiopathic arthritis?

A

Chronic inflammation of the synovium causing joint pain swelling and inflammation.

29
Q

How many joints does oligoarticular JIA affect?

A

4 or fewer joints in the first 6 months of symptoms

30
Q

What is oligoarticular extended arthritis?

A

In the first 6 months 4 or fewer joints are affected but after 6 months more joints are affected

31
Q

What is polyarticular arthritis?

A

Affects 5 or more joints

32
Q

What is systemic arthritis?

A

Arthritis with systemic features such as fever, rash and swollen lymphnodes.
Also known as Still’s disease

33
Q

What antibodies are positive in investigations of JIA?

A

ANA positive
RF negative

34
Q

What is the management of JIA?

A

NSAIDS
Steroids
Methotrexate or biologics

Phase 3A content (15 decks)

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