Sexual Differentiation/Determination

Question 1

What comprises the “reproductive system”

Answer 1

The gonad (ovary and testes) and the duct work (tubes/plumbing)

Question 2

Hypothalamus

Answer 2

Part of the brain that controls reproduction; releases hormones (from neurons)

Question 3

Anterior pituitary gland

Answer 3

Releasing hormones interact; gland makes protein hormones

Question 4

Protein hormones

Answer 4

Interact with gonads to produce steroid hormones

Question 5

Caster Semenya

Answer 5

Gold medalist not allowed to compete due to testosterone levels being naturally too high; hyperandrogenous/internal testes in question

Question 6

Ambiguous sex

Answer 6

unknown sex; shows both male and female characteristics

Question 7

Two sexes

Answer 7

Female and male

Question 8

Sex chromosome

Answer 8

chromosome that determines individual’s sex

Question 9

Female sex chromosomes

Answer 9

XX

Question 10

Male sex chromosomes

Answer 10

XY

Question 11

Heterogametic

Answer 11

the sex having different sex chromosomes

Question 12

Homogametic

Answer 12

the sex having the same sex chromosomes

Question 13

Allosomes

Answer 13

X and Y chromosomes are different sizes (X > Y)

Question 14

Sex system of birds, some insects, some reptiles

Answer 14

ZZ/ZW

Question 15

Sex system of amphibians

Answer 15

XX/XY, ZZ/ZW

Question 16

What determines fishes sex chromosomes?

Answer 16

XX/XY, ZZ/ZW, multiple XY’s, autosomes, environment (temperature, stress..)

Question 17

Meiosis

Answer 17

Chromosome replication followed by 2 divisions during gamete production

Question 18

What does meiosis feature?

Answer 18

1. Crossing over of homologous chromosomes

2. Occurs only in germ cells

Question 19

Where does crossing over happen?

Answer 19

Occurs extensively between X chromosomes at the pseudoautosomal region

Question 20

Barr body

Answer 20

One of the 2 X (XX) in females is functional, the other is inactivated (Barr body)