Sexual and Reproductive Health Flashcards
what does serovars A-c chalymidia cause?
trachoma (eye infection = not an STI)
what does serovars D-K cause?
genital infectoin
what does serovars L1-L3 cause?
Lymphogranuloma venereum
MSM, can present as proctitis (blood OR tenesmus, pain), and can look like Chrohn’s, therefore test if risk of STI
what can be caused by women passing on chlamydia to their children at birth?
opthalmia neonaorum or chlamydia pneumonitis
what is the incubation period for chlamydia?
3-21 days
when should asymptomatic patients be tested for chalmydia?
14 days following exposure
what is the first line and alternative treatment for chlamydia?
- doxycycline 100mg BD x 1 week
2. azithromycin 1G on day 1, 500mg day 2 and 3
what is gonorrohea caused by and what is it seen as under the microscope?
gram-negatice intracellular diplococcus (seen a two kidney beans facing each other) called Neisseria Gonorrhoea
what is the treatment and dosage for Gonorrhoea?
ceftriaxone IM 1g stat
what are the symtptoms of trichomonas vaginalis
vaginal discharge: offensive, yellow/green, frothy
vulvovaginitis: itch/discomfort
strawberry cervic (microhaemorrages)
vaginal pH >4.5
how to treat trichomonas vaginalis?
oral metronidazole for 5-7 days
what is the average incubation time for HPV?
3 weeks - 9 months
what are the 3 types of different treatment options for HPV?
ablative - cryotherapy
topical - trichloroacetic acid, podophyllotoxin, imiquimod
surgical - diathermy, curretage, surgical excision
describe the primary infection of syphillis
up to 3 months
presents with painless chancre (ulcer) at site of inoculation and non-tender lymphadneopathy (unlike herpes simplex which is painful)
describe the secondary infection of syphilis?
up to 2 years
spreads across hte body
skin lesions and lesions on mucous membrnaes, pharyngitis, patchy alopecia, generalised lymphadenopathy, condylomata lata - infectious lesion secreting the bacteria
neurological and opthalamic involvement not uncommon
describe the latent stage of syphilis?
no symptoms but low level multiplication of spirochete in intima of small blood vessles
can be divided into early and latent periods
describe late stage syphilis?
cardiovascular, gummatous or neurovascualr complications many years later
how do you diagnose syphilis?
PCR swab of 1 year and 2 year lesions, dark field microscopy
how do you screen for syphilis?
EILSA / EIA for IgG / IgM antibodies (antibodies remain for life)
if screening for syphilis is positive, what further tests are done?
treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) - specific for syphilis, remains positive lifelong but not helpful in monitoring
how do you treat primary / secondary and early latent syphilis?
2.4MI benzathenepenicillin IM
when are all pregnant woman offered syphilis screening?
8-12 week s
describe genital herpes?
an enveloped virus containing double-stranded DNA
what are the main symptoms of genital herpes?
blistering ulcers at external genitalia, pain, external dysuria, vaginal or urethrall discharge, local lymphadenopathy, fever and myalgia
