Sexual and Aesexual Reproduction Flashcards
What is aesexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction only needs the involvement of one part of the organism and does not require the presence of male and female parts.
Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are identical to the parent. What is this called?
Cloning
What is the cell division in bacteria?
Binary Fission
What is the cell division in humans?
Mitosis
What is cell division?
The reproduction of cells by duplicating their genetic material
What is parthenogenesis?
The type of asexual reproduction found in females where growth and development of embryos occurs without fertilization by male.
How do fleas, aphids, and only some bees, reptiles and fish reproduce?
Aesexually, through parthenogenesis
What is a runner?
Stem or root that comes out of a plant and produces new roots that create a genetically identical plant
Why do humans grow?
Because the cells in their body reproduce
How do plants reproduce?
By making a seed
How do mushrooms reproduce?
They have spores
How do some animals, like chickens, reproduce?
They lay eggs
What is budding?
When a bud forms on one side of the cell and when it reaches maturity, it breaks off and turns into a new cell
Which organism uses budding?
Yeast
What is regeneration?
When a plant makes a new part to replace lost ones
Cloning is an example of regeneration. What happens in cloning?
When a leaf or a stem is cut off from the main plant, and planted into a moist environment. As a result, a new plant is formed.
How to strawberry bushes, roses, trembling aspen tree reproduce?
By cloning
What is sexual reproduction?
Reproduction that requires both male and female parts
When you reproduce sexually, are the offspring identical?
No, they may share similarities but have genes from both parents
How do plants sexually reproduce?
By spores, cones, or flowers
What is cloning?
When a leaf or stem is cut off from the main plant and put in moist materials to grow a new plant
What are the pros of aesexual reproduction?
- easier and faster because you don’t have to find a mate
What are the cons of aesexual reproduction?
Bacteria, like parasites, figure out a way to enter way easier because they only have to learn one set of DNA because all organisms of that species are identical
What are some examples of organisms that reproduce aesexualy?
Plants, mushrooms, yeast, cells, some fish…
What are the male reproductive organs of a flower called?
The stamen
What are the female reproductive organs called?
The carpel or pistil
Can flowers have both male and female parts?
Yes, in fact, most of them do
What are the female parts of a plant?
The ovary, the ovule, the stigma and the style
What are the male parts of the flower called?
The anther and the filament
What is the stigma?
It receives the pollen during pollination
What is the style?
A tube on top of the ovary
What is an ovary?
The female reproductive organ
What is an ovule?
The reproductive cell that becomes the seed when fertilized
What is the anther?
The male reproductive cell that contains pollen
What is the filament?
The filament holds the anther
How does the flower produce seeds?
The anther produces pollen which must land on the pistil in order to fertilize the flower so it can produce seeds
How is the pollen moved from the stamen to the pistil?
Due to wind and other organisms such as the birds and bees
What is self pollination?
When the pollen from the anther lands on the pistil of the same flower
What is cross pollination?
When the pollen from the stamen of one flower moves to the pistol of another flower
How is the seed developed?
- the male gamete (spermatozoon) enters the female gamete (ovule) a zygote is formed
- the cells divide and become a seed which will eventually grow into an adult plant
How is the seed dispersed?
By wind, water, humans and even plants can do it by shooting out a seed
What is the first step of self pollination?
SEE COPYBOOK!!!
